Predicting mammography stage of adoption among Iranian women

Abstract

Objective:Despite evidence that screening for breast cancer is effective, adherence with screening recommendations in Iranian women is low. The purposes of this study were to (1) identify the associations between individual characteristics, related health beliefs, and stages of mammography behavior and (2) examine the socio-demographic factors and the health beliefs that predicate stages of mammography behavior.Design:All health care centers were considered as clusters and 30 women were randomly selected from each of them. A sample of 689 Iranian women completed a questionnaire.Materials and Methods:The questionnaire used was based on Champion's revised Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). One-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess differences in the outcome variables (perceived severity, susceptibility, benefits, and barriers) across the stages. Multinomial logistic regression was conducted to test multivariate relationships.Results:The percentage of participants in each stage was: 40.1% in pre-contemplation, 34.7 in contemplation, 7.5% in relapse, 12% in action, and 5.7% in maintenance stage of mammography adoption. Older women were most likely to be in the pre-contemplation stage and action stage, and the youngest women were most likely to be in the relapse stage. Differences across stages of change were found for related beliefs for all participants except those in the relapse stage.Conclusion:Iranian women are less likely to be in maintenance and action stages than ot er Asian women and this study identifies constructs that may be targeted in interventions.

Evaluation of the Relationship Between Family History of Breast Cancer and Risk Perception and Impacts on Repetition of Mammography

“…Although our sample included women with a history of repetition of mammography, 22.1% practiced breast self examination and 22.3% reported clinical breast examination. Results of a study on Thai women showed that the clinical breast (Joun et al, 2002;Qi et al, 2006), while the results of numerous studies indicate that marital status has a positive effect on doing and repetition of mammography (Ahmadian et al, 2012;Taymoori et al, 2012). It seems that married people because of social support which they receive from their spouses, children, and friends (Lagerlund et al, 2014), in comparison with non-married women, are benefiting from more emotional support (Katapodi et al, 2002).…”

“…For example, the results of studies by Joun and Qi showed that marital status of women had no significant effects on mammography cancer is 50% more than women without a maternal history of breast cancer (Haber et al, 2012). Women without a family history of breast cancer have a low risk perception and they consider themselves to be protected against breast cancer; hence, such a condition is likely to reduce the rate of repetition of mammography in women (Thomas, 2004;Taymoori et al, 2012). To promote mammography screening, health care providers who are involved in intervention programs always point out that more than 85% of breast cancer cases occur among women without a family history of breast cancer (Haber et al, 2012).…”

“…Iranian women are at a high risk for non-adherence to recommended guidelines and subsequent late stage breast cancer diagnoses, due to lack of awareness about breast cancer (Montazeri et al, 2008;Thomas et al, 2011), cultural beliefs such as cancer fatalism and prioritization of family over personal health (Lamyian et al, 2007;Taymoori et al, 2012), previous adverse experiences (e.g., painful mammography) (Taymoori et al, 2013) embarrassment, and lack of access to healthcare (Keshavarz et al, 2011).…”

Facilitator Psychological Constructs for Mammography Screening among Iranian Women

“…Iranian women have also particular social beliefs that may influence motivation for preventive medicine, such Parvaneh Taymoori 1 *, Mahdi Moshki 2 , Daem Roshani 3 as cultural beliefs, fatalism, and devoting themselves over the family as they get older (Lamyian et al, 2007;Taymoori et al, 2012).…”

“…Iranian women are at a mostly high risk for relapse of breast cancer due to lack of appropriate knowledge (Thomas et al, 2011;Samah and Ahmadian, 2012;Charkazi et al, 2013), cancer fear (Lamyian et al, 2007;Heidari et al, 2008;Babu et al, 2011), social manners (Taymoori et al, 2012;Charkazi et al, 2013), painful mammography (Taymoori et al, 2013), embarrassing, and those constraints related to health care and insurance systems (Keshavarz et al, 2011;Fouladi et al, 2013). Iranian women have also particular social beliefs that may influence motivation for preventive medicine, such Parvaneh Taymoori 1 *, Mahdi Moshki 2 , Daem Roshani 3 as cultural beliefs, fatalism, and devoting themselves over the family as they get older (Lamyian et al, 2007;Taymoori et al, 2012).…”