Predicting longevity of iron permeable reactive barriers using multiple iron deactivation models

Effect of Pumice and Sand on the Sustainability of Granular Iron Beds for the Aqueous Removal of CuII, NiII, and ZnII

“…A major concern of Fe 0 PRBs is related to the reduction of the hydraulic conductivity (permeability loss) with time [15][16][17] oxidation by water has not always been properly considered and the role of gas (H 2 ) formation in porosity/permeability loss has been sometimes overestimated [15,16]. Recent theoretical works demonstrated that a Fe 0 -based filter should be considered as a system in which iron is corroded mostly by water and the micro-pollutants are sequestrated in the matrix of precipitation corrosion products [14,[34][35][36].…”

Effects of calcium ion and pH on the adsorption/regeneration process by activated carbon permeable reactive barriers

“…11 PRB offers the potential for low-cost remediation, taking advantage of the passive groundwater ow to bring the contaminants in contact with the reactive materials in the barrier. 12,13 However, AC-PRBs are limited by AC's adsorption capacity.…”

Management of Animal Carcass Disposal Sites Using a Biochar Permeable Reactive Barrier and Fast Growth Tree (Populus euramericana): A Field Study in Korea

“…PRBs can degrade dissolved contaminants or immobilize them within the reactive wall. The degradation products are ideally less toxic than their reactants [12][13][14]. A PRB containing a suitable reactive material is possibly a beneficial tool for in situ remediation of subsurface soil contaminated with heavy metal, organic compound, nitrogen compounds, etc.…”

“…[12,13,15,16]. Various materials including zero valent iron, activated carbon, zeolite, and biochar (BC) can be used as suitable reactive material for PRBs [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”