“…spatial arrangement of those land cover types), after Fahrig et al (2011). While many studies have demonstrated relationships between landscape structure and service indicators such as beneficial invertebrate communities or crop pest populations (Bianchi, Booij, & Tscharntke, 2006;Chaplin-Kramer, O'Rourke, Blitzer, & Kremen, 2011;Haan, Zhang, & Landis, 2019;Rusch, Bommarco, Jonsson, Smith, & Ekbom, 2013), few have directly examined effects on crop yield (Holland et al, 2016(Holland et al, , 2017Karp et al, 2018). Those that do (e.g.…”