“…Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) is a perfluorinated surfactant containing a fluorinated backbone with multiple carbon–fluorine bonds attached to a sulfonate headgroup. It was manufactured for decades and nowadays, even if its production has been ceased in most countries, is present at elevated concentrations in diverse environmental matrices, such as soil and sediments, − surface waters, , seawater, , and groundwater. − For instance, high PFOS concentrations, ranging from μg/L up to mg/L, have been measured in groundwater source zones and plumes, which were transported downgradient from hot-spot contaminated sites such as fire-training areas and manufacturing plants. − Given the severe toxic effects associated with PFOS exposure − and the mobility of this compound across different environmental compartments, − understanding the factors controlling PFOS fate and transport has become an issue of compelling interest and concern.…”