Predicting forage indigestible NDF from lignin concentration.

Traxler, M. J.; Fox, D. G.; Soest, P.J. Van; Pell, Alice N.; Lascano, Carlos E.; Lanna, Dante Pazzanese Duarte; Moore, John E.; Lana, R.P.; Vélez, Miguel; Flores, Antonio

doi:10.2527/1998.7651469x

Cited by 89 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…The highest A fraction of corn stover could be explained by the lower NDF content across maturities. The highest B fraction for elephant-grass could be an indicator of higher potentially degradable fiber, which is usually negatively correlated with lignin/NDF (Traxler et al, 1998). However, in this study, the lignin/NDF content of elephant-grass was higher than in corn stover (Table 1).…”

Section: Dry Matter Degradabilitycontrasting

confidence: 50%

In situ degradability of corn stover and elephant-grass harvested at four stages of maturity

Silva¹,

Cassoli²,

Júnior

et al. 2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Among tropical forages, corn silage is largely used by farmers trying to explore the maximum genetic potential from the animals. However, other tropical forages, such as elephant-grass (Pennisetum purpureum), are more productive and therefore cheaper to use than corn silage. Our objective was to compare the in situ degradability of elephant-grass with that from corn hybrids, all harvested at four stages of maturity. The experimental design followed a randomized block design with nested subplots. Two corn hybrids: AG5011, ZN8392 were harvested with 25, 30, 35, and 40% dry matter (DM) in the whole plant, and separated in stem + leaf sheath + leaf blade (stover), and cobs. Elephant-grass was harvested with 30, 40, 50 and 60 days after a leveling cut. Dried and ground samples were incubated in nylon bags inside the rumen for 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h to estimate the kinetics of ruminal DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) degradation. The advance of maturity increased the NDF and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content in elephant-grass, and reduced its DM degradability. However, maturity had little or no effect on fiber content and DM degradability of corn stover. Elephant-grass had a higher NDF degradability than corn stover, and there was no effect of maturity on NDF degradability of either elephant-grass or corn stover. Fiber degradability of elephantgrass was not worse than that of corn stover, and therefore the choice of forage should be made on economical analysis rather than assuming an intrinsic low production potential for elephant-grass based diets. Key words: Pennisetum purpureum, corn silage, digestibility, rumen, tropical grass DEGRADABILIDADE IN SITU DE HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO E DE CAPIM-ELEFANTE COLHIDOS EM QUATRO ESTÁDIOS DE MATURIDADE

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Section: Dry Matter Degradabilitycontrasting

confidence: 50%

In situ degradability of corn stover and elephant-grass harvested at four stages of maturity

Silva¹,

Cassoli²,

Júnior

et al. 2008

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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“…The reason is that lignin has no substantial effect on the digestibility of cell solubles. Traxler et al (1998) agreed with our findings when they reported a better correlation between the indigestible residue of NDF and the lignin content of DMrather than the lignin content of NDF.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Carbohydrate fraction C The equation representing the unavailable cell wall has been employed or cited by several researchers (Malafaia et al, 1998;Traxler et al, 1998;Ribeiro et al, 2001) and appears in the nutritional requirements for beef cattle (National Research Council, 2000). Other models for predicting energy and nutrient values of ruminant feeds also employ relationships between lignin and NDF, but using a 0.667 power (Weiss et al, 1992;Weiss, 1993 and1999).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substitution of crude cell wall for neutral detergent fibre in the equations of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System that predict carbohydrate fractions: application to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Queiróz

Fukushima

Gomide

et al. 2008

Animal

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Prediction of carbohydrate fractions using equations from the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) is a valuable tool to assess the nutritional value of forages. In this paper, these carbohydrate fractions were predicted using data from three sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) cultivars, fresh or as silage. The CNCPS equations for fractions B 2 and C include measurement of ash and protein-free neutral detergent fibre (NDF) as one of their components. However, NDF lacks pectin and other non-starch polysaccharides that are found in the cell wall (CW) matrix, so this work compared the use of a crude CW preparation instead of NDF in the CNCPS equations. There were no differences in the estimates of fractions B 1 and C when CW replaced NDF; however, there were differences in fractions A and B 2 . Some of the CNCPS equations could be simplified when using CW instead of NDF. Notably, lignin could be expressed as a proportion of DM, rather than on the basis of ash and protein-free NDF, when predicting CNCPS fraction C. The CNCPS fraction B 1 (starch 1 pectin) values were lower than pectin determined through wet chemistry. This finding, along with the results obtained by the substitution of CW for NDF in the CNCPS equations, suggests that pectin was not part of fraction B 1 but present in fraction A. We suggest that pectin and other non-starch polysaccharides that are dissolved by the neutral detergent solution be allocated to a specific fraction (B 2 ) and that another fraction (B 3 ) be adopted for the digestible cell wall carbohydrates.

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“…Currently, the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) nutritional model uses a lignin content that is 2.4 times lignin content of NDF to calculate the iNDF (Sniffen et al, 1992;Vieira et al, 2012), whereas iNDF is not considered by Dairy NRC (2001). This simple equation was originally based on long-term (60 to 90 days) methane yield on some waste materials, and then tested on several forages by Traxler et al (1998). As reported by these authors, the equation was able to correctly predict iNDF of the different forages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Use of principal component analysis to classify forages and predict their calculated energy content

Gallo

Moschini

Cerioli

et al. 2013

Animal

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A set of 180 forages (47 alfalfa hays, 26 grass hays, 52 corn silages, 35 small grain silages and 20 sorghum silages) were randomly collected from different locations of the Po Valley (Northern Italy) from 2009 to 2010. The forages were characterised for chemical composition (11 parameters), NDF digestibility (five parameters) and net energy for lactation (NE L ). The latter was calculated according to the two approaches adopted by the 2001 Nutrient Research Council and based on chemical parameters either alone (NE L3x-Lig ) or in combination with 48 h NDF degradability in the rumen (NE L3x-48h ). Thereafter, a principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define forage populations and limit the number of variables to those useful for obtaining a rapid forage quality evaluation on the basis of the calculated NE L content of forages. The PCA identified three forage populations: corn silage, alfalfa hay and a generic population of so-called 'grasses', consisting of grass hays, small grain and sorghum silages. This differentiation was also confirmed by a cluster analysis. The first three principal components (PC) together explained 79.9% of the total variation. PC1 was mainly associated with protein fractions, ether extract and lignin, PC2 with ash, starch, NDF and indigestible NDF (iNDF) and PC3 with NDF digestibility. Moreover, PC2 was highly correlated to both NE L3x-Lig ( r 5 20.84) and NE L3x-48h ( r 5 20.94). Subsequently, forage-based scores (FS) were calculated by multiplying the original standardised variables of ash, starch, NDF and iNDF with the scoring factors obtained from PCA (0.112, 20.141, 0.227 and 0.170, respectively). The FS showed a high determination coefficient for both NE L3x-Lig ( R 2 5 0.86) and NE L3x-48h ( R 2 5 0.73). These results indicate that PCA enables the distinction of different forage classes and appropriate prediction of the energy value on the basis of a reduced number of parameters. With respect to the rumen in situ parameters, iNDF was found to be more powerful at discriminating forage quality compared with NDF digestibility at different rumen incubation times or rates of NDF digestion.

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Predicting forage indigestible NDF from lignin concentration.

Cited by 89 publications

References 18 publications

In situ degradability of corn stover and elephant-grass harvested at four stages of maturity

In situ degradability of corn stover and elephant-grass harvested at four stages of maturity

Substitution of crude cell wall for neutral detergent fibre in the equations of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System that predict carbohydrate fractions: application to sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

Use of principal component analysis to classify forages and predict their calculated energy content

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