Predicting fetal growth restriction with liver volume by three-dimensional ultrasound: Efficacy evaluation

Prenatal stress and developmental programming of human health and disease risk: concepts and integration of empirical findings

“…The value of prospective, longitudinal, follow-up studies, ideally starting before conception, and extending through pregnancy and birth into childhood and beyond, is emphasized. For these studies, deployment of state-of-the art methods, including 3D/4D fetal ultrasonography for quantification of fetal growth (biometry), regional blood flow (uterine, umbilical, cerebral, hepatic and renal [109,110]), volume and growth trajectory of organs (placenta, brain, liver, kidneys, adrenals) [111,112], and body composition (arm, thigh and visceral fat/lean mass [113•, 114]), coupled with reliable assessments in newborns, infants, and children of body composition [with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; DXA] and energy expenditure [total energy expenditure using the doubly labeled water method (DLW), and resting metabolic state using the indirect calorimetry approach], will move the field forward in an informed manner. Furthermore, recent advances in imaging techniques will likely enable the developments of protocols in infants and children for subcutaneous and visceral fat quantification (especially intrahepatic fat) [115•], and characterization of and differentiation between white and brown adipose tissue [116••].…”

Predicting Fetal Growth Restriction With Renal Volume Using 3-D Ultrasound: Efficacy Evaluation

“…In this study, fetal RV assessment using 3-D US provides more new evidence. Furthermore, from our previous studies, the organ volume assessment by 3-D US is very useful in prenatal detection of FGR (Chang et al 2005a(Chang et al , 2005b(Chang et al , 2006a(Chang et al , 2006b(Chang et al , 2007, and in this series, RV assessment using 3-D US is proved to be a new tool in the prenatal diagnosis of FGR.…”

“…Moreover, precise quantitative measurement of fetal organ dimensions becomes possible when the 3-D volume is retrieved (Lee et al 1994;Merz et al 1995). Since our first report of primary application of 3-D US in obstetrics (Kuo et al 1992), we have published a series of fetal organ volume assessment using 3-D US, including fetal liver, heart, cerebellum, adrenal gland, lung, brain, thigh and humerus from early second trimester to third trimester, and we obtained more precise results than using 2-D US (Chang et al 2005a(Chang et al , 2005b(Chang et al , 2006a(Chang et al , 2006b(Chang et al , 2007Chang et al 1997).…”

The Egyptian formula a New Formula for Prediction of Fetal Birth Weight using Liver Volume Measured by Three-Dimensional Ultrasound (VOCAL System)

“…This limitation has been overcome by the use of quantitative volume assessment by three-dimensional ultrasound which enabled the antenatal prediction of fetuses with growth restriction. 6 The primary objective of the current study was to predict fetal growth restriction using the fetal liver volume calculated in the second trimester of pregnancy, using 3D ultrasound. The secondary objective was develop to a new formula to estimate fetal weight using the fetal liver volume in the prediction of fetal growth restriction.…”