Predicting Eye Safe Separation Distances from Nuclear Detonations

Richey, Everett O.

doi:10.21236/ada037070

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Flashblindness recovery time, as used here, is the time required to recover a visual acuity of 20/60 when the visual task has a high contrast (black on white or white on black) and a luminance of 0.07 mL for nighttime and 20 mL for daytime conditions. This corresponds to a pilot's ability to obtain useful information from his primary instruments under normal night and day cockpit conditions (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To calculate the severity of a retinal burn or duration of flashblindness associated with viewing a nuclear flash while using an eye-protection device, we must know, among other things, the spectral transmission of that device as a function of time (2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Air Force production-type TFPD furnished to USAFSAM for testing and evaluation will provide adequate eye protection, during both daytime and nighttime exposures, to prevent retinal burns from atmospheric nuclear detonations of 0.1 to 10,000 kt at distances where the thermal load does not exceed 10 cal/cm 2 . This device will also provide sufficient protection against flashblindness during daylight hours to prevent more than a few seconds degradation in the pilot's performance.…”

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of PLZT Goggles

Richey¹,

Bower²,

Allen³

1980

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conclusion and Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of PLZT Goggles

Richey¹,

Bower²,

Allen³

1980

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“…This data base was later updated with primate data (Allen, 1967;Richey and Lof, 1975). The experimental data consisted of threshold retinal exposures versus exposure durations for the production of "minimum" visible lesions viewed with an ordinary ophthalmoscope (Fig.…”

Section: Threshold Retinal Irradiancementioning

confidence: 99%

Laser Applications in Medicine and Biology

Wolbarsht¹

1989

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A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment.v PREFACE The diversity of the chapters presented in this volume illustrates not only the many applications of lasers, but also the fact that, in many cases, these are not new uses of lasers, but rather improvements of laser techniques already widely accepted in both research and clinical situations. Biological reactions to some special aspects of laser exposure continue to show new effects, which have implications for the ever-present topic of laser safety. Such biological reactions are included in fields of research which depend on properties of electromagnetic radiation exposure only possible with lasers, for example, the short pulses necessary for the temperature-jump experiments reviewed by Reiss:Speciality lasers, such as the transverse excitation atmospheric (TEA) or excimer lasers, add new wavelengths and pulse domains to those already available for biological application. A description of these new types of lasers by Osgood is included to indicate new possibilities for future use and to avoid limiting our coverage to well-developed present-day applications.Hillenkamp and Kaufmann describe a microprobe mass spectrograph for analysis of the minute amounts of material evaporated by a laser pulse. The analytical possibilities of this instrument are far-reaching, and some of the various results are described to illustrate the power of their method, as well as to show the types of problems that are suitable for it.The initial steps in photosynthesis have become the subject of intensive investigation. High-speed laser techniques have assisted in unlocking some of the puzzles of the energy transduction involved, and the present review by Rubin shows both the current state of the art and the possibilities for future experiments.Much of the clinical work using lasers remains in ophthalmology, the first specialty to accept any type of laser exposure as a standard therapy. In addition to its use in the treatment of an ever-increasing number of retinal vii viii Preface problems, laser coagulation has become the standard treatment for glaucoma, for the lens capsule cutting necessitated by the complications of lens implant surgery, and bids fair to proceed even further as lasers are applied to vitreous surgery. The analyses of bioeffects of laser exposures in the eye by Ham and Mueller, and by Allen and Pohlhamus, give some of the scientific background for those applications that have already proven successful and indicate the bases for future clinical applications of lasers in oph thalmology.Each clinical acceptance of a laser instrument broadens the experience of all in the general medical field with regard to laser use. Also, the increasingly larger number of clinicians involved in research on laser surgery adds even more to the diversity of laboratory projects that will in turn become the basis for techniques that in the future...

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Predicting Eye Safe Separation Distances from Nuclear Detonations

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluation of PLZT Goggles

Evaluation of PLZT Goggles

Laser Applications in Medicine and Biology

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