Predicting eye-movement characteristics across multiple tasks from working memory and executive control

Luke, Steven G.; Darowski, Emily; Gale, Shawn D.

doi:10.3758/s13421-018-0798-4

Cited by 26 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(95 reference statements)

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“…Previous studies have shown that individuals exhibit reliable differences in eye movement characteristics acquired in both basic oculomotor tasks, such as prosaccade ( Bargary et al, 2017 ), and in more complex tasks such as reading and scene viewing (e.g., Guy et al, 2019 ; Henderson & Luke, 2014 ). A recent study by Luke et al (2018) exploited the ex-Gaussian modeling to investigate individual differences by exploring the relationship between fixation duration distributions and working memory capacity. The findings revealed that participants with a larger memory span also exhibited lower τ values (a smaller tail) of fixation durations in both reading and scene viewing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This finding is consistent with manual reaction time studies showing a relationship between working memory capacities and τ values (e.g., Shahar et al, 2014 ). The Luke et al study (2018) points to two important advantages of using the ex-Gaussian distribution. It allows for a comparison between studies that use different measures that can be modeled with the ex-Gaussian distribution (e.g., reaction times and fixation duration).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Luke et al (2018) examined the relationship between individuals' fixation duration distribution and working memory span (measured by operation, symmetric, and reading span tasks). Participants performed a working memory task, viewed scenes, and read text.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although these studies are sparse, they provide initial evidence for the benefits of ex-Gaussian modeling of fixation durations. Specifically, using ex-Gaussian parameters may lead to a better understanding of the processes that underlie visual exploration ( Luke, Smith, Schmidt, & Henderson, 2014 ) and cognitive mechanisms in general ( Luke, Darowski, & Gale, 2018 ). For example, Luke et al (2018) examined the relationship between individuals’ fixation duration distribution and working memory span (measured by operation, symmetric, and reading span tasks).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Not all fixations are created equal: The benefits of using ex-Gaussian modeling of fixation durations

2020

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Various cognitive and perceptual factors have been shown to modulate the duration of fixations during visual exploration of complex scenes. The majority of these studies have only considered the mean of the distribution of fixation durations. However, this distribution is skewed to the right, so that an increase in the mean may be driven by a lengthening of all fixations (i.e., a right shift of the whole distribution) or only the relatively longer ones (i.e., a longer right tail of the distribution). To determine which factor is at play, the distribution can be modeled with an ex-Gaussian distribution, which is a convolution of a Gaussian and an exponential distribution. Here we demonstrate the usefulness of applying the ex-Gaussian model to empirical distributions of fixation durations and the reliability of its parameters across time. We demonstrate how the ex-Gaussian model had advantages over exclusive consideration of the mean, by showing that an increase in the mean can stem from specific changes in the components of the ex-Gaussian distribution. Specifically, the type of image leads to a change in the Gaussian component alone, indicating a right shift of the main mass of the distribution. By contrast, familiarity with the inspected image modifies the exponential component, and results in a more specific modulation of a subset of relatively long fixations. Hence, estimating the ex-Gaussian parameters may provide novel insights into the underlying processes that determine fixation duration and can contribute to the future development of process-based computational models of gaze behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Not all fixations are created equal: The benefits of using ex-Gaussian modeling of fixation durations

2020

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Computational cross‐species views of the hippocampal formation

2023

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The discovery of place cells and head direction cells in the hippocampal formation of freely foraging rodents has led to an emphasis of its role in encoding allocentric spatial relationships. In contrast, studies in head-fixed primates have additionally found representations of spatial views. We review recent experiments in freely moving monkeys that expand upon these findings and show that postural variables such as eye/head movements strongly influence neural activity in the hippocampal formation, suggesting that the function of the hippocampus depends on where the animal looks. We interpret these results in the light of recent studies in humans performing challenging navigation tasks which suggest that depending on the context, eye/head movements serve one of two roles-gathering information about the structure of the environment (active sensing) or externalizing the contents of internal beliefs/ deliberation (embodied cognition). These findings prompt future experimental investigations into the information carried by signals flowing between the hippocampal formation and the brain regions controlling postural variables, and constitute a basis for updating computational theories of the hippocampal system to accommodate the influence of eye/head movements.

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Reading Alterations in Parkinson's Disease Indicate Worse Cognitive Status

Tsitsi

Nilsson

Seimyr

et al. 2023

Movement Disord Clin Pract

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Background Reading difficulties are commonly reported in Parkinson's disease (PD). So far, only a few studies have assessed reading in PD, most of them confirming a different pattern in patients compared with healthy populations. Impaired oculomotor control is an early feature of PD. Cognitive deficits, on the other hand, may appear early, but they are most prominent at later stages. Although these two factors are thought to be responsible for the alterations in reading performance, it is unclear how each factor contributes to them. Objectives To evaluate eye movements during reading in PD and healthy controls (HCs). Methods Data from 42 HCs (36% men) and 48 patients with PD (67% men) at Hoehn and Yahr stages ≤3 were analyzed. PD participants were further divided into 2 groups based on their Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score using a cutoff of ≥26. Eye movements were recorded with Tobii Pro Spectrum, a screen‐based eye tracker with a sampling rate of 1200 Hz. Results PD participants performed fewer fixations per second (P = 0.033), with a longer mean (P = 0.037) and standard deviation fixation duration (P = 0.033) than HC, and further analysis showed that only patients with a lower MoCA score performed worse than HCs. Reading parameters were weakly associated with MoCA scores, irrespective of age and education. Conclusion Changes in the reading pattern of PD patients are probably attributed to cognitive rather than pure oculomotor alterations.

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Predicting eye-movement characteristics across multiple tasks from working memory and executive control

Cited by 26 publications

References 100 publications

Not all fixations are created equal: The benefits of using ex-Gaussian modeling of fixation durations

Not all fixations are created equal: The benefits of using ex-Gaussian modeling of fixation durations

Computational cross‐species views of the hippocampal formation

Reading Alterations in Parkinson's Disease Indicate Worse Cognitive Status

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