Predicting Early Adolescent Substance Use: Do Risk Factors Differ Depending on Age of Onset?

Sobeck, Joanne; Abbey, Antonia; Agius, Elizabeth; Clinton, Monique; Harrison, Kathy

doi:10.1016/s0899-3289(99)00022-x

Cited by 51 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…40 Executive function scores also predict the age at first drink, 41 which is consistent with the finding that students using alcohol before the sixth grade show weaker decision-making skills. 42 For children of alcoholics, executive function scores predicted the number of drinks per drinking occasion 43 and reactive aggression. 44 Executive functions also combine with coping styles 45 and temperament 46 to increase liability for abuse of substances.…”

Section: Poor Executive Functions Predispose Subjects To Alcohol and mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

Brown¹,

McGue²,

et al. 2008

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Late adolescence (ie, 16 -20 years of age) is a period characterized by escalation of drinking and alcohol use problems for many and by the onset of an alcohol use disorder for some. This heightened period of vulnerability is a joint consequence of the continuity of risk from earlier developmental stages and the unique neurologic, cognitive, and social changes that occur in late adolescence. We review the normative neurologic, cognitive, and social changes that typically occur in late adolescence, and we discuss the evidence for the impact of these transitions on individual drinking trajectories. We also describe evidence linking alcohol abuse in late adolescence with neurologic damage and social impairments, and we discuss whether these are the bases for the association of adolescent drinking with increased risks of mental health, substance abuse, and social problems in adulthood. Finally, we discuss both the challenges and successes in the treatment and prevention of adolescent drinking problems. I N THE UNITED States, alcohol involvement sometimes starts but more often escalates between 16 and 20 years of age, when youths are also experiencing dramatic physical, emotional, and social changes. Specifically, a variety of forms of hazardous drinking emerge during middle to late adolescence and, for many youths, these problematic patterns of drinking continue to escalate through 18 to 20 years of age, the period of greatest risk for the onset of an alcohol use disorder (AUD).In seeking to understand youth development and alcohol involvement, it is important to consider all dimensions of functioning, because the interrelated cognitive, biological, social, and affective changes that occur during adolescence not only affect each another but also influence an individual's risk of problem drinking. In particular, the timing, sequence, and synchrony of developmentally specific transitions can affect how well youths master new roles, as well as continuities and discontinuities in their behavior. Therefore, developmental models representing a range of theoretical orientations, including systems theory, behavioral genetics, and developmental psychopathology, hold great promise for advancing our understanding of the processes that underlie adolescent changes, including the emergence of alcohol use and abuse.The need for developmental approaches is underscored by the existence of a consistent body of research showing that the escalation in drinking and the emergence of AUDs in middle and late adolescence have behavioral, social, and biological roots from earlier developmental stages. Moreover, it is becoming increasingly clear that alcohol involvement in adolescence has both short-and long-term effects on health and well-being at later developmental stages. Importantly, the consequences of adolescent drinking seem to differ from those associated with adult drinking, because there is increasing evidence that adolescents are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of heavy alcohol use on both biological and socia...

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Section: Poor Executive Functions Predispose Subjects To Alcohol and mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

Brown¹,

McGue²,

et al. 2008

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“…Where childhood initiation has been studied, the focus has been on substance use more generally (alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana use), rather than solely on alcohol use, because of the generally low rates of use by children. [68][69][70] Significant antecedent predictors of children's substance use initiation in those studies included lower prosocial family processes (monitoring, rules, and parent-child attachment), deviant peer affiliation, peer drug use, parental tolerance of substance use, parental drug abuse, child overactivity, child social skills deficits, and single-parent families.…”

Section: Antecedent Predictors Of Onset Of Drinking In Childhood (Inimentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Developmental Processes and the Continuity of Risk for Underage Drinking and Problem Drinking

et al. 2008

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Developmental pathways to underage drinking emerge before the second decade of life. Many scientists, however, as well as the general public, continue to focus on proximal influences surrounding the initiation of drinking in adolescence, such as social, behavioral, and genetic variables related to availability and ease of acquisition of the drug, social reinforcement for its use, and individual differences in drug responses. In the past 20 years, a considerable body of evidence has accumulated on the early (often much earlier than the time of the first drink) predictors and pathways of youthful alcohol use and abuse. These early developmental influences involve numerous risk, vulnerability, promotive, and protective processes. Some of these factors are not related directly to alcohol use, whereas others involve learning and expectancies about later drug use that are shaped by social experience. The salience of these factors (identifiable in early childhood) for understanding the course and development of adult alcohol and other drug use disorders is evident from the large and growing body of findings on their ability to predict adult clinical outcomes. This review summarizes the evidence on early pathways toward and away from underage drinking, with a particular focus on the risk and protective factors and the mediators and moderators of risk for underage drinking that become evident during the preschool and early school years. It is guided by a developmental perspective on the aggregation of risk and protection and examines the contributions of biological, psychological, and social processes within the context of normal development. Implications of this evidence for policy, intervention, and future research are discussed. S EVERAL BASIC THEMES provide guidance for developing a perspective on the timing, processes, and experiences in earlier life relevant to the acquisition, use, and problem use of alcohol. First, much of the causal structure underlying youthful alcohol use and abuse is not specific to alcohol and in particular is either directly or indirectly the result of the development of externalizing and internalizing behaviors. 1-3 Family history of antisocial behavior, child maltreatment, and other negative life experiences are well-established precursors of later alcohol problems and alcohol use disorders (AUDs). These predictors are nonspecific risks for alcohol involvement, because they also predict a broad array of other problematic outcomes, including problems of undercontrolled or dysregulated behavior such as conduct problems, impulsivity, attention problems, aggressiveness, antisocial personality disorder, and depressive spectrum disorders.Second, at the same time that children develop behavior problems not specific to alcohol, they acquire knowledge about the existence of alcohol as an object in the social environment. Learning about alcohol includes developing beliefs about alcohol on the basis of an awareness of its special characteristics as a drug (how it produces changes in cognitio...

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“…Conversely, poor academic achievement in grades 6 and 7, as well as problem behaviour, and low engagement with and negative perceptions of school, predict later alcohol initiation and misuse (Diego, Field, & Sanders, 2003;Sobeck, Abbey, Agius, Clinton, & Harrison, 2000). Global and academic self-esteem from age 9 to 13 (McGee & Williams, 2000) and academic and social behaviour at age 7-9 (Hops et al, 1999) predict health compromising behaviour and substance use at age 15.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived academic performance and alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use: Longitudinal relationships in young community adolescents

Bergen

Martin

Roeger

et al. 2005

Addictive Behaviors

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Objective: To study longitudinal relationships between perception of academic performance (PAP) and alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use at age 13 and 15 years.Method: Self-report data from students in 27 schools in South Australia (n =1579) was analysed with ANCOVA and logistic regression, controlling for confounding factors (socio-demographic, parenting, depressive symptoms, anxiety, self-esteem, antisocial behaviour).Results: Persistent or increasing perception of academic ' failure ' (self-rated failing or below average performance), compared to improving or stable perception of average (or above) performance, from age 13 to 15 years, predicts more than weekly alcohol and tobacco use at age 15 (3-to 4-fold risks), in addition to increased risks from early substance use (e.g., 12-to 15-fold for triple combinations), controlling for confounders. Increased risks for more than weekly marijuana use at age 15 are 3-fold in those with increasing perception of failure; though relationships are fully mediated by antisocial behaviour in those with persistent perceptions of failure. Conclusion:Interventions to maintain or improve academic self-esteem in early adolescence may reduce risks for accelerating substance use in mid-adolescence.

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Predicting Early Adolescent Substance Use: Do Risk Factors Differ Depending on Age of Onset?

Cited by 51 publications

References 28 publications

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

A Developmental Perspective on Alcohol and Youths 16 to 20 Years of Age

Early Developmental Processes and the Continuity of Risk for Underage Drinking and Problem Drinking

Perceived academic performance and alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use: Longitudinal relationships in young community adolescents

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