Predicting Date Rape Perceptions

Black, Katherine A.; McCloskey, Kathy

doi:10.1177/1077801213499244

Cited by 26 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(75 reference statements)

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“…However, some research has demonstrated a lack of gender differences, and researchers have suggested that the relationship between gender and attributions is mediated by attitudes about gender (Abrams, Viki, Masser, & Bohner, 2003; I. Anderson & Lyons, 2005; Angelone, Mitchell, & Grossi, 2015; Angelone, Mitchell, & Lucente, 2012; K. A.…”

Section: Observer Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, lower levels of victim blame are associated with verbal or physical resistance relative to when no overt resistance is displayed (Cohn et al, 2009; Ryckman, Kaczor, & Thornton, 1992). Observers are also less likely to agree that the victim should report the incident or find the perpetrator guilty when she verbally resists as opposed to combined verbal and physical resistance (K. A.…”

Section: Situational Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Gender Ideology, Victim Resistance, and Spiking a Drink on Acquaintance Rape Attributions

Angelone

Mitchell

Smith

2016

J Interpers Violence

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The current study examined observer's attributions about the victim and perpetrator of an alleged acquaintance rape. Participants included 504 college students from a public university in the northeastern United States who read a brief crime report and completed a series of questionnaires for course credit. While men tended to attribute more blame to the victim than women, gender ideology emerged as a stronger predictor of rape attributions, and some types of sexist beliefs were associated with greater victim blaming and others with less victim blaming. Endorsement of hostile sexism, rape myths, and heterosexual intimacy was generally associated with the attribution of greater victim culpability, as well as less perpetrator culpability, perpetrator criminality, and victim credibility. However, complementary gender differentiation was associated with greater perpetrator culpability and criminality, while protective paternalism was associated with greater victim credibility. Observers attributed lower victim culpability and greater perpetrator criminality when the victim's drink was spiked, and attributed greater perpetrator culpability when the victim verbally resisted the perpetrator's advances. Given the implications that observer attitudes can have on professional and personal support for survivors, as well as juror decision making, the ongoing examination of the complex interplay between the person and situational factors affecting attributions of rape is essential. Sexual assault prevention programs may also benefit from a psychoeducational component that targets reducing traditional gender ideology.

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Section: Observer Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Situational Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Gender Ideology, Victim Resistance, and Spiking a Drink on Acquaintance Rape Attributions

Angelone

Mitchell

Smith

2016

J Interpers Violence

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“…Individuals who have been assaulted by someone they know are the least likely to seek support from the police. This is concerning given that 90% of rape perpetrators are known to the victim, either casually or romantically (Black & McCloskey, 2013). Although there are many reasons why victims are reluctant to report acquaintance rape to the police, it has been suggested that a major reporting barrier is the woman's fear that police will question the veracity and credibility of their claims, or even blame them for the assault.…”

Section: Rapementioning

confidence: 99%

Moderating Factors in Culpability Ratings and Rape Proclivity in Stranger and Acquaintance Rape: Validation of Rape Vignettes in a Community Sample

Persson

Dhingra

2021

J Interpers Violence

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Rape is a serious concern globally. Past research has identified Ambivalent Sexism (AS), Rape Myth Acceptance (RMA), and the victim–perpetrator relationship as key constructs influencing rape blame attributions and rape proclivity. Limitations with methodologies have, however, limited the practical implications of past research, particularly in the context of underpowered samples and a lack of transparency in vignette development and implementation. In the current research, three studies aimed to validate material to be used in research into rape perceptions and to examine the impact of victim–perpetrator relationship, AS, and RMA on victim and perpetrator culpability, and rape proclivity, using an experimental design. On 563 participants, this research developed and validated six rape vignettes which accounted for methodological limitations of past research (Study One) and were found to be believable and realistic by participants; it further found that aggressively sexist attitudes were associated with increased victim culpability and decreased perpetrator culpability (Study Two), and increased rape proclivity (Study Three). Scenarios of a casual acquaintance produced the highest levels of victim culpability and the lowest levels of perpetrator culpability. Victims were ascribed more control than blame, or responsibility. Men reported the highest levels of rape proclivity in scenarios of casual acquaintance, and intimate partner relationships. Contrary to past research, Benevolent Sexism (BS) did not directly impact attributions in rape cases but may maintain and legitimize the attitudes, which do. As some of our findings contradict past research, we suggest that the need for standardized rape vignettes is evident, along with greater transparency and methodological rigor in sexual assault research, as this will improve the practical implications of findings. Reproducible research practices may be useful for this. While limited in diversity, this research has important implications for policy and research practice, particularly in producing validated material that can be reused by future researchers.

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“…When stereotypes are repeatedly advanced by sources that people consider reliable, especially authority figures such as members of the clergy, politicians and educators, they are frequently taken as truth and adopted (Black et al, 2013;Moskowitz et al, 2012;Peterson et al, 1990;Punt, 2009;Tan et al,1996). It seems quite reasonable to us that one might include scholars and academics in this list of trusted people.…”

Section: Stereotypingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consider the following scenario: “A politically connected White Western European businessman offers to smooth the way for your company to sell in his country … for a fee.”

Eccles

Magagula

2019

AJOBE

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In 2014, Birtch et al. published an article that, in our view, contained unnecessary negative cultural/racial stereotyping in a vignette presented in their introduction. Given the potentially harmful consequences of negative stereotyping, and the relatively frequent use of vignettes in the business ethics literature, this prompted us to wonder whether this was an isolated instance or a more widespread occurrence. To investigate this question, we conducted a search of the scholarly literature for articles containing the string 'vignette' or 'scenario', and 'business ethics' using the EBSCOhost databases to which our institution subscribes. This search yielded a collection of 154 articles where vignettes were presented. Of these, approximately 18% contained negative cultural or racial stereotyping while 38% contained some form of negative gender stereotyping. In our view, these are uncomfortably high frequencies, so uncomfortably high, in fact, that they prompt us to conclude with a plea to authors, editors and reviewers within the business ethics academic literature to be on guard against this practice.

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Predicting Date Rape Perceptions

Cited by 26 publications

References 40 publications

The Influence of Gender Ideology, Victim Resistance, and Spiking a Drink on Acquaintance Rape Attributions

The Influence of Gender Ideology, Victim Resistance, and Spiking a Drink on Acquaintance Rape Attributions

Moderating Factors in Culpability Ratings and Rape Proclivity in Stranger and Acquaintance Rape: Validation of Rape Vignettes in a Community Sample

Consider the following scenario: “A politically connected White Western European businessman offers to smooth the way for your company to sell in his country … for a fee.”

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