In order to meet the requirements of online fault detection for dry reactor, an online fault detection technology based on improved Kalman filter is proposed. The main content of the technology is based on the dry reactor detection technology, through the study of improved Kalman filter, the use of fault diagnosis and other methods, and finally through the experiments and analysis to build improved Kalman filter dry reactor online fault detection research means. The experimental results show that the maximum relative error of the improved Kalman filter is 6.039%, and the average relative error is 2.388%. The improved algorithm is very effective and greatly improves the prediction accuracy. The research based on improved Kalman filter can meet the demand of online fault detection of reactor.