Predicting Child PTSD: The Relationship Between Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD in Injured Children

Kassam‐Adams, Nancy; Winston, Flaura Koplin

doi:10.1097/00004583-200404000-00006

Cited by 194 publications

(176 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Several studies have examined acute stress disorder symptoms in younger populations (8)(9)(10)(11)(12). However, only one study (11) examined the power of the acute stress disorder diagnosis (derived solely from questionnaire responses) to predict later PTSD.…”

Section: (Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:0000-0000)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents Involved in Assaults or Motor Vehicle Accidents

Meiser‐Stedman¹,

Yule²,

Smith³

et al. 2005

AJP

112

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Section: (Am J Psychiatry 2005; 162:0000-0000)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents Involved in Assaults or Motor Vehicle Accidents

Meiser‐Stedman¹,

Yule²,

Smith³

et al. 2005

AJP

112

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“…Acute stress disorder (ASD) was introduced into the DSM‐IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) to encapsulate acute traumatic stress reactions and identify individuals at high risk of developing later PTSD. For children and adolescents, DSM‐IV ASD has had some modest success in predicting cases who have PTSD at follow up (although negative predictive power and specificity are poor) (Kassam‐Adams & Winston, 2004), but the emphasis placed on the particular predictive validity of the dissociative symptom cluster was not supported (Meiser‐Stedman et al., 2005). Significant revisions to both the ASD and PTSD diagnoses were made for DSM‐5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013) Both no longer require an intense subjective peritraumatic reaction (i.e., fear, helplessness, or horror).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute stress disorder and the transition to posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: Prevalence, course, prognosis, diagnostic suitability, and risk markers

et al. 2017

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BackgroundEarly recovery from trauma exposure in youth is poorly understood. This prospective longitudinal study examined the early course of traumatic stress responses in recently trauma‐exposed youth, evaluated the revised DSM‐5 acute stress disorder (ASD) and PTSD diagnoses and alternative diagnoses, and identified risk factors for persistent traumatic stress.MethodParticipants were 8‐ to 17‐year‐old emergency departments attendees exposed to single incident traumas. Structured clinical interviews were undertaken at 2 (n = 226) and 9 weeks (n = 208) posttrauma.ResultsUsing the revised criteria in DSM‐5, 14.2% met criteria for ASD at week 2 and 9.6% met criteria for PTSD at week 9. These prevalences were similar to the corresponding DSM‐IV diagnoses (18.6% ASD at week 2; 8.7% PTSD at week 9). Using the same diagnostic criteria (DSM‐IV or DSM‐5) across assessments (i.e., “2‐week PTSD”) suggested that caseness declined in prevalence by approximately half. Overlap between DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 ASD and DSM‐5 preschool child PTSD diagnoses was considerable. Two diagnoses were strongly predictive of corresponding week 9 diagnoses. Youth with ASD who subsequently had PTSD reported more negative alterations in cognition and mood at 2 weeks than those youth who did not develop PTSD.ConclusionsYouth exposed to single‐event traumas experience considerable natural recovery in the first months posttrauma. Using DSM‐5 criteria, ASD may not capture all clinically significant traumatic stress in the acute phase and is only moderately sensitive for later PTSD. Future research needs to address the role and etiology of negative alterations in cognition and mood symptoms.

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“…[3][4][5][6] However, functional outcome in children has received little or no attention. 7 Assessment of patient outcome after injury for children so far has focused mainly on the psychological effects, [8][9][10] or only on the most severely injured trauma patients, including children with traumatic brain injury. [11][12][13][14][15] Few studies have described the impact of injuries on the health status of children with both minor and major injuries over time with a generic quality-of-life measure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Prognostic Factors of Disability After Childhood Injury

et al. 2005

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To assess the prevalence and the prognostic factors of disabilities after minor and major childhood injuries and to analyze which sociodemographic and injury-related factors are predictive for suboptimal functioning in the long term.Method. We conducted a patient follow-up study in a stratified sample of 1221 injured children who were aged 5 to 14 years and had visited an emergency department in the Netherlands. Our study sample was stratified so that severe, less common injuries were overrepresented. Postal questionnaires were sent 2.5, 5, and 9 months after the injury. We gathered injury and external cause data, sociodemographic information, and data on functional outcome with a generic health status measure EuroQol (EQ-5D) with an additional cognitive dimension. A nonresponse analysis was performed by multivariate logistic regression, and the data were adjusted for nonresponse and the sample stratification. We performed bootstrap analysis to estimate the prevalence of disability in terms of the EQ-5D summary score and the occurrence of limitations in separate health domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression, and cognition. Respondents also rated their own health state on a visual analog scale, between 0 (worst imaginable health state) and 100 (best imaginable health state). We analyzed the relationship between functional outcome and sociodemographic (age and gender) and injury-related determinants (type of injury, external cause, multiple injury, admission to hospital, and length of stay) by logistic regression analysis.Results. Response rates with respect to the original sample were 43%, 31%, and 30%, respectively. A total of 37% of the children were admitted to the hospital. The mean age of the children was 9.6 years. In two thirds (65%) of the cases, the injury was attributed to a home and/or leisure injury. The health status of injured children improved from 0.92 (EQ-5D summary score) at 2.5 months to 0.96 at 5 months and 0.98 at 9 months. Of all injured children, 26% had at least 1 functional limitation after 2.5 months, 18% after 5 months, and 8% still experienced functional limitations after 9 months. After 2.5 months, lower extremity fractures and other injuries (eg, spinal cord injury, injury of the nerves) demonstrated the worst functional outcome. Independent of the type of injury, our sample of injured children generally showed good recovery between 2.5 and 9 months. The highest prevalence of dysfunction after 9 months existed for pain/discomfort (7%) and usual activities (5%). Hospital admission (odds ratio: 3.6 -5.8) and female gender (odds ratio: 3.0) were predictive for long-term disability. Girls reported more problems for all health domains (except self-care) compared with boys after 9 months, which was also confirmed by the visual analog scale score for selfrelated health (89 for girls vs 95 for boys). Almost one fifth of injured children with a hospital stay of >3 days still had pain and problems with usual activities 9 months ...

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Predicting Child PTSD: The Relationship Between Acute Stress Disorder and PTSD in Injured Children

Cited by 194 publications

References 27 publications

Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents Involved in Assaults or Motor Vehicle Accidents

Acute Stress Disorder and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Children and Adolescents Involved in Assaults or Motor Vehicle Accidents

Acute stress disorder and the transition to posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents: Prevalence, course, prognosis, diagnostic suitability, and risk markers

Prevalence and Prognostic Factors of Disability After Childhood Injury

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