Predicting Change in Parenting Stress Across Early Childhood: Child and Maternal Factors

Abstract

This study examined maternal parenting stress in a sample of 430 boys and girls including those at risk for externalizing behavior problems. Children and their mothers were assessed when the children were ages 2, 4, and 5. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to examine stability of parenting stress across early childhood and to examine child and maternal factors predicting parenting stress at age 2 and changes in parenting stress across time. Results indicated that single parenthood, maternal psychopathology, child anger proneness, and child emotion dysregulation predicted 2-year parenting stress. Child externalizing behaviors predicted initial status and changes across time in parenting stress. Stability of parenting stress was dependent upon child externalizing problems, as well as interactions between child externalizing problems and gender, and child externalizing problems and emotion regulation. Results are discussed in the context of mechanisms by which parenting stress may influence the development of child externalizing behaviors.

An Initial Investigation of Parenting Stress, Social-Emotional Protective Factors, and Behavior Concerns within a Head Start Population

“…Studies examining children's behavior problems and parenting stress across time have found significant correlations between these variables (Shaw et al, 1998;Williford et al, 2007).…”

“…Future research could examine the predictive nature parenting stress and protective factors have on one another. Similar to studies examining the changes in parenting stress and behavior problems in children over time (e.g., Williford et al, 2007), research could examine changes in parenting stress and protective factors in children over time. This would illustrate whether initial parenting stress levels or protective factors levels predict an increase, decrease, or maintenance of the other.…”

“…Studies have suggested that externalizing behavior problems predict initial status of parenting stress and changes in levels of parenting stress over time (Williford, Calkins, & Keane, 2007). In a longitudinal study, conducted by Williford and colleagues (2007), children's behavior was assessed at ages 2, 4, and 5 years of age and maternal reports of parenting stress were collected.…”

Effects of Parenting Stress and Controlling Parenting Attitudes on Problem Behaviors of Preschool Children: Latent Growth Model Analysis

“…Studies using cross-sectional data sets have found that it is difficult to comprehend how parenting stress and attitudes change over time and with changes in the children's age. Most cross-sectional research has emphasized the importance of studying aspects of behavior and individual differences that change over time [10,17,18]. As the parent-child relationship lasts for a lifetime and the qualities of such relationships have strong long-term and progressive influences [19], it is particularly important to observe the effects of parenting stress and controlling parenting attitudes on the problem behaviors of children over the long-term.…”

Adaptation of the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form into Turkish: a study of validity and reliability

“…Literatürde anne-babalık rollerinden kaynaklanan anne-baba stresinin ölçülmesi amacıyla yaygın bir şekilde kullanılan ABSÖ-KF, 10'dan çok dile uyarlanmış ve anne-baba stresi ile ilgili araştırmalarda tüm dünyada yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. [11][12][13][14] Bu çalışmanın amacı, daha önce Türkçeye uyarlanan ABSÖ'nün kısa formunun Türkçeye uyarlanması ve ölçeğin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışmasının yapılmasıdır. 15 klinik gruplar arasında tüm alt boyutlarda p<0.001 düzeyinde anlamlı farklılık göstermek-tedir.…”