Predicting Cardiac Issues From Echocardiograms: A Literature Review Using Deep Learning and Machine Learning Techniques

Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has a substantial impact on overall health, well-being, and life-expectancy. Echocardiography is a widely used imaging technique in cardiovascular medicine, utilizing various medical imaging technology to visualize heart chambers and valve’s motion activity. In order to diagnose and treat complicated cardiovascular problems, it takes high-resolution images of the heart and its surroundings. However, it has limitations such as long procedure times, multiple measurement values, complex analyses, individualized assessments, operator subjectivity, and wide observation ranges. This makes it challenging for sonographers to accurately detect and diagnose heart diseases. In recent days, Deep Learning (DL) is increasingly used in clinical computer-assisted systems for disease detection, feature segmentation, functional evaluation, and diagnosis. It is an alternate technique for accurate detection and treatment of cardiovascular disorders; it improves the diagnostic capacities of echocardiography by identifying pathological conditions, extracting anatomically significant data, measuring cardio-motion, and calculating echo image quality. This paper presents a detailed review of various DL frameworks developed to analyse different cardiac views using echocardiography for improving the prediction and diagnosis of CVD. At the outset, a variety of echocardiography systems linked with DL-based segmentation and classification are reviewed briefly. Afterwards, a comparison research is carried out to gain insight into the shortcomings of those algorithms and provide a fresh approach to improve the accuracy of cardiac view categorization in echocardiography systems.