Predicting axillary metastasis in breast cancer using lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of one lymph node

Abstract

Objectives Fine needle aspiration (FNA) is a microinvasive method to diagnose lymph nodes. This study aims to determine the capability of lymphatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (LCEUS)-guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) in predicting the axillary metastasis with the target of one lymph node (LN) in patients with breast cancer. Methods LCEUS was prospectively performed in 105 patients with breast cancer. The most suspicious LN was targeted based on the characters of LCEUS. FNA was performed in the LN, followed by localization using a guide wire. The detection of lymph cells and/or tumour cells was recognized as a puncture success. Cytologic diagnosis was compared with histologic diagnosis of wire-marked LN for diagnosing accuracy, and compared with histologic diagnosis of axillary LNs for predicting accuracy. Results LCEUS-guided FNA was performed in all 105 female patients who underwent axillary dissection. The puncture success rates were 74.3%, 91.4%, and 97.1% for three sequential groups (P = 0.010). In diagnosing LN metastasis, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values of LCEUS-guided FNA were 89.7%, 100%, and 95.7%, respectively. In predicting axillary metastasis, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy values of LCEUS-guided FNA were 81.4%, 100%, and 91.3%, respectively. Conclusion The microinvasive LCEUS-guided FNA of one lymph node can be an accurate method and may help predict axillary metastasis in patients with breast cancer. Advances in knowledge This study presented that LCEUS combined with FNA would be practical in clinic. The characters of LCEUS could indicate the suspicious LNs and promote the accuracy in predicting axillary metastasis.