Predicting and Influencing the Single-Trial-Type-Dominance-Effect: the First Study

Relational frame theory 20 years on: The Odysseus voyage and beyond

“…This, at least in part, could explain the dominance of the color-color trial-type over the remaining three. A number of recent studies have provided experimental evidence in support of this DAARRE model explanation and the role of orienting functions (Bortoloti et al, 2020;Finn et al, 2018, Experiment 3;Finn et al, 2019;Pinto et al, 2020;Schmidt et al, 2021). We will return to the important issue of empirical testing in greater detail later in the article.…”

Influences of Monetary Incentives on Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) Performance

“…Although we did not experimentally evaluate the effect of this modification to the procedure, selection of stimuli without extraneous features should help to isolate the feature under study. Additional research such as analysis of stimulus functions through application of the DAARE model (e.g., [13,14]) may help to elucidate the influences of extraneous features on outcomes of research associated with attitudes toward bodyweight. It would also be useful to investigate attitudes toward body size in different cultural contexts, including cultures in which there is not a "thin ideal" for body size.…”

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response latency, are revealing "brief and immediate relational responses" (BIRRs) that are learned through multiple exemplar training in which certain stimuli are directly associated (e.g., "obese is unhealthy; unhealthy is bad"), so they occur within a few seconds and precede "extended and elaborated relational responses (EERRs)" ([9], p.102). Though there is no distinct boundary between BIRRs and EERRs, the REC model proposes that EERRs take longer to occur than BIRRs because they are produced as a result of the activation of larger, more complex, and indirectly conditioned relational networks, including those involved in settling on a socially appropriate or experiment-appropriate response, which may not correspond with the more directly conditioned response [9][10][11].The person is "covertly doing more" if they find stimuli, such as "a hairy worm is pleasant, " to be inconsistent with their historically coherent relational network but are asked to respond in the affirmative ([12], p. 111).Recently, researchers have proposed the DAARRE (differential arbitrarily applicable relational responding effects) model, which aims to clarify the role of three key factors that are likely to affect responding in IRAP trials: contextual control of relational responses associated with the labels and target stimuli, stimulus control by the label and target stimuli, and functions associated with response options (e.g., true, false) [13][14][15][16][17]. The scores applied to each factor can be summed up to predict differences in D-IRAP scores associated with each trial type.Because the goal with implicit measurement is to obtain an unedited response from the individual, the degree to which responses

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“…Recently, researchers have proposed the DAARRE (differential arbitrarily applicable relational responding effects) model, which aims to clarify the role of three key factors that are likely to affect responding in IRAP trials: contextual control of relational responses associated with the labels and target stimuli, stimulus control by the label and target stimuli, and functions associated with response options (e.g., true, false) [13][14][15][16][17]. The scores applied to each factor can be summed up to predict differences in D-IRAP scores associated with each trial type.…”

The Stimulus’ Orienting Function May Play an Important Role in IRAP Performance: Supportive Evidence from an Eye-Tracking Study of Brands

“…Since the study by Finn et al (2018), which highlighted the role of the stimulus orienting function on IRAP performance, several research has applied the same rationale in interpreting IRAP results (e.g., Bortoloti et al, 2019;Finn & Barnes-Holmes, 2019;Kavanagh, Barnes-Holmes, Barnes-Holmes, McEnteggart, & Finn, 2018;Kavanagh et al, 2019). These interpretations have been based on inferences derived from post-hoc analysis of IRAP performances, without a direct measurement of the orientation function of the stimuli that were presented to the participants.…”