Predicting Amphibian Metamorphosis

Smith‐Gill, Sandra J.; Berven, Keith A.

doi:10.1086/283413

Cited by 379 publications

(278 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…On the other hand, laboratory studies show a pattern where tadpoles growing at low temperatures develop more slowly but eventually metamorphose at a larger size (Etkin, 1964;Smith-Gill & Berven, 1979;Hayes, Chan & Licht, 1993). This was not found, rather there was a tendency to the opposite comparing warm and cool ponds.…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature, genetic and hydroperiod effects on metamorphosis of brown frogs Rana arvalis and R. temporaria in the field

Loman

2002

Journal of Zoology

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Temperature, genetic and hydroperiod effects on metamorphosis of brown frogs Rana arvalis and R-temporaria in the fieldLoman, Jon General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. AbstractTime for metamorphosis and metamorph size of moor frogs Rana arvalis and common frogs R. temporaria were measured in 22 ponds for 1±8 years. Environmental data in these ponds were also measured. Metamorphosis of the frogs took place from the beginning of June to the beginning of August. When both species were found in one pond, the common frogs metamorphosed up to 20 days earlier than the moor frogs. Most variation in time for metamorphosis, among ponds and years, is explained by temperature effects, but a causal relationship was not established. Within a pond, metamorphosis was later in cold summers than in warm summers. Size at metamorphosis was affected by tadpole density; at high densities metamorphs were smaller. Size at metamorphosis was not related to time for metamorphosis. There was an effect of pond drying; if ponds were about to dry up, metamorphosis was accelerated by about 2.4 days. Tadpoles from ponds with a late metamorphosis in the ®eld had tadpoles that metamorphosed early in a common garden experiment, suggesting counter gradient selection.

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Section: Effect Of Temperature and Other Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature, genetic and hydroperiod effects on metamorphosis of brown frogs Rana arvalis and R. temporaria in the field

Loman

2002

Journal of Zoology

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“…Such variation may either reflect plasticity in response to environmental heterogeneity (Schlichting and Pigliucci 1998) or be the result of some genetic predisposition for alternate or variant life-history pathways (Smith-Gill and Berven 1979;Wilbur 1980;Reilly 1994;Travis 1994). It is unclear how variation in developmental sequence relates to environmental variables.…”

Section: Causes and Explanations Of Intraspecific Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Study of Intraspecific Variation, Developmental Timing, and Heterochrony in Fishes

2000

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Abstract. Heterochrony is widely regarded as an important evolutionary mechanism, one that may underlie most, if not all, morphological evolution, yet relatively few studies have examined variation in the sequence of development. Even fewer studies have been designed so that intraspecific variation in the relative sequence of developmental events can be assessed, although this variation must be the basis for evolutionary change. Intraspecific variation in developmental ossification sequences was documented from the zebrafish (Danio rerio) by Cubbage and Mabee (1996) and from the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) by Mabee and Trendler (1996), but a quantitative analysis of the patterns within this variation was not made. Here, we quantify the effect of rearing temperature on the sequence of ossification and characterize the levels and patterns of intraspecific variation in these fishes. For Danio, there were no temperature effects on the sequence of bone development across the cranium, cranial region development, cartilage versus dermal bones, or lateral line bone versus nonassociated bones. Likewise the level of variation in relative sequence (position) of ossification was low, about two ranks, across temperatures. At higher temperatures, we found higher levels of variation in iterated cranial bones and less in bones forming early in the sequence. No temperature effects on variation were found among regions, between lateral line-associated bones and nonassociated bones, between median and paired bones, or across the entire sequence, indicating concordant variability among the three temperatures. Individual bones with the highest levels of variability were not consistent among temperatures.Baseline patterns of intraspecific variation in Danio were compared to those of Betta. For both species, the level of intraspecific variation in sequence position was low and the variability of cranial bones was concordant. Individual bones with the highest levels of variability were not consistent between species. In both species, variation was widespread (distributed evenly across the sequence). We used comparisons (among regions, between dermal and cartilage bones, between lateral line-associated and other bones, between median and paired bones, between iterated and noniterated bones, between feeding-associated bones and others) to see which subsets were most variable and thus potentially useful in predicting high levels of evolutionary change. The only subset of bones that was significantly more variable than others was cartilage bones. If interspecific patterns are parallel to these intraspecific differences, cartilage bones would be expected to show higher levels of heterochrony. Although concordance across the cranial ossification sequence and among regions in Danio, Betta, and two other teleosts, Oryzias and Barbus, suggests an evolutionarily conserved pattern of ossification, identity in sequence position across taxa was not observed for any bone. Thus, variation existed in sequence position across temperatures a...

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“…Growth and development are often assumed to be interdependent processes, largely because age and size at particular life-history transitions (such as metamorphosis or maturity) are positively correlated (e.g., Collins 1979; Smith-Gill and Berven 1979;Chambers et al 1988;Mitchell-Olds 1996). Alternatively, these correlations may represent similar but independent responses of growth and development to the same ecological conditions (Leips and Travis 1994; Blanckenhom 1998), with the result that statistical correlations between age and size at any particular life cycle transition say little about the degree to which growth and development are genetically coupled.…”

Section: Interdependence Of Growth and Development (Morphogenesis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Body size regulation in copepod crustaceans

Twombly

Tisch

2000

Oecologia

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November, 1999 Body size affects survival probabilities, reproductive output and individual fitness in many organisms. In freshwater zooplankton, traits ranging from demographic rates to community composition depend on body size, and predation is most often identified as the selection pressure determining body size. We examined the extent to which stage-specific growth trajectories and body sizes of copepod crustaceans are constrained, independent of selection. We used exuviae shed at each molt to quantify the relationship between size at molting and growth during the subsequent instar for two common, herbivorous calanoid copepods, Boeckella triarticulata and Diaptomus leptopus. Individuals of both species were raised under diets of different food quality or quantity, and at different temperatures. Size at molting varied little among individuals of both species, as a consequence of a persistent negative relationship between size at molting and subsequent (absolute) growth increment. Individuals that were small when they molted grew more during the subsequent instar than individuals that were large. This relationship was statistically significant for nearly all instars of both species raised in different food or temperature conditions, and not affected by food quality, food quantity or temperature. Our results indicate that body size is constrained or regulated over much of the copepod life cycle, independent of the effects of environmental conditions (food, temperature, predation).Keywords: body size, size regulation, copepod crustaceans, growth and development, molt increment.To be published in Oecologia. organisms. In freshwater zooplankton, traits ranging from demographic rates to community composition depend on body size, and predation is most often identified as the selection pressure determining body size. We examined the extent to which stage-specific growth trajectories and body sizes of copepod crustaceans are constrained, independent of selection. We used exuviae shed at each molt to quantify the relationship between size at molting and growth during the subsequent instar for two common, herbivorous calanoid copepods, Boeckella triarticulata and Diaptomus leptopus. Individuals of both species were raised under diets of different food quality or quantity, and at different temperatures. Size at molting varied little among individuals of both species, as a consequence of a persistent negative relationship between size at molting and subsequent (absolute) growth increment. Individuals that were small when they molted grew more during the subsequent instar than individuals that were large. This relationship was statistically significant for nearly all instars of both species raised in different food or temperature conditions, and not affected by food quality, food quantity or temperature. Our results indicate that body size is constrained or regulated over much of the copepod life cycle, independent of the effects of environmental conditions (food, temperature, predation).

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Predicting Amphibian Metamorphosis

Cited by 379 publications

References 20 publications

Temperature, genetic and hydroperiod effects on metamorphosis of brown frogs Rana arvalis and R. temporaria in the field

Temperature, genetic and hydroperiod effects on metamorphosis of brown frogs Rana arvalis and R. temporaria in the field

An Experimental Study of Intraspecific Variation, Developmental Timing, and Heterochrony in Fishes

Body size regulation in copepod crustaceans

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