Predicted the Cumulative Annual Rainfall in Iraq  Using SDSM Modal

Abdul-Jabbar, Ali Mokhles; Abdulkareem, Asraa Khtan

doi:10.23851/mjs.v32i2.977

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Usama S. Nedham employed three indices of drought to know which regions are more exposed to drought, and the result indicates that Baghdad, located in the center of Iraq, was the region most susceptible to drought throughout the studied time, followed closely was Rutba, situated in the western part of Iraq [8]. Another study used the SDSM model to predict the cumulative annual rainfall in Iraq, and the results illustrate abundant rainfall in the northern region, with the lowest quantities in the western region, and moderate rainfall in the central and southern regions [9]. This research paper employs the IDW technique to assess the variation, and the spatial distribution of rainfall in Iraq using data from the Global Precipitation Measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Spatial Pattern Assessment of Annual Rainfall in Iraq for Periods from 2001 to 2023

Al-Daoudi,

Al-Timimi

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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This study aims to investigate the patterns of the annual rainfall in Iraq from 2001 to 2023 using data obtained from NASA’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The period of study was divided into five periods, each spanning five years (except the first, and the fifth period), to analyze annual rainfall variations. Spatial distribution maps and descriptive statistics were generated to assess rainfall patterns across different regions of Iraq. Results indicate significant variability in rainfall amounts and distributions over the study interval, with the northeastern and southeastern strip regions consistently receiving higher rainfall than western and southwestern areas. During the first period (2001-2004), the highest maximum annual rainfall was in 2002 (912 mm/year), in contrast, the second period (2005-2009) recorded the lowest maximum annual rainfall in 2008 by about (439 mm/year). Analysis of the mean annual accumulative rainfall for each period illustrated that the first period 2001-2004 incorporated the highest maximum value of mean annual accumulative rainfall and standard deviation by about 765 mm/4 years, and 160.5 respectively. In contrast, the fifth period 2020-2023 has the lowest maximum value and standard deviation which reached 512 mm/5 years, and 89.2 correspondingly. Mean annual accumulative rainfall decreased over time, suggesting potential impacts of climate change on precipitation patterns in Iraq. These findings provide valuable insights for understanding and managing water resources, agriculture, and environmental sustainability in the region.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

The Spatial Pattern Assessment of Annual Rainfall in Iraq for Periods from 2001 to 2023

Al-Daoudi,

Al-Timimi

2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…As for crops, the regularity of rain is an important factor in the success of the agricultural seasons for crops. [1] Precipitation in Iraq suffers from continuous fluctuation from one year to another [2].The climate of Iraq is classified in terms of rain, according to Bailey's classification, based on the moisture index, into three regions: [3]: Dry regions extending from southern Iraq to its center, The semi-arid areas extend from latitude 33 north (central Iraq) to latitude 36 north, The area from latitude 36 north and up towards the north is a semi-humid area [4] as shown in the figure .1 El Niño: It is a phenomenon in which the trade winds weaken. As warm water is pushed into the eastern Pacific Ocean, the bottom brings water from the depths to the surface in a process called uplifting, EL Nino can be identified by indicating the positive anomalies of sea surface temperature (SST) (SST average + 0.5 and above) in the East coast of the Pacific Ocean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of ENSO on the Precipitation in Iraq Regions

Mutar,

Abdulkareem,

Hussain

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Precipitation is considered one of the important weather variables in determining the climate of any region in the world, and perhaps the precipitation in Iraq is witnessing an incomprehensible seasonal fluctuation. The work tries to identify the reasons for this fluctuation, from one season to another. The monthly average precipitation data in Iraq was obtained by Global Precipitation Climatology Project GPCP. Also, data for sea surface temperature anomalies (SST) for the four El Nino regions, as well as relative humidity and zonal wind speed were obtained from the National Centres for Environmental Prediction NCEP and National Centre for Atmospheric Research NCAR. The study period extended from 1980 to 2022, where the correlation of monthly precipitation average in Iraq with El Nino and La Niña events was tested, and it was found that there was a positive proportional effect of the El Nino event on the increase in rainfall rates in Iraq, the correlation coefficient R about 0.8 in North and Northern-East of Iraq. To explain this, the correlation between El Niño events, relative humidity, and zonal wind speed was tested. It was found that there is a proportional effect of El Nino on the relative humidity and an inverse effect on the zonal wind speed. Central and southern Iraq is less affected by El Niño and La Niña events, as the correlation coefficient of monthly precipitation average with El Niño phenomenon is approximately 0.5 to 0.6.

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“…Heavy rains lead to erosion and soil erosion. Therefore, we will address the impact of sudden heavy rainstorms on Iraq [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping Flash Floods in Iraq by Using GIS

Al‐Nassar

Kadhim²

2021

The 4th International Electronic Conference on Atmospheric Sciences

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This study aims to investigate flash floods in Iraq by plotting the cartographic maps by using synoptic and dynamical analysis of meteorological reanalysis data obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and statistical analysis of daily precipitation records from the Iraqi Meteorological and Seismology Organization for selected Iraqi stations (Mosul, Kirkuk, Khanaqin, Baghdad and Al-Rutba, Al-Hayy, Al-Nasiriyah, and Basra), as well as the use of geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Three models create to investigate and map flash floods in Iraq. The results of the first model (the longest period of time) shows that the station of Mosul record the longest period for a rainstorm, 9 days in 2014, while the lowest period was in Rutba, 6 days in 2012, and the other stations varied between these two stations. The results of the second model (the highest total rainfall), present that Kirkuk station recorded the highest amount of rain (117.2 mm in 2013), while Al-Rutba station, 47.2 mm in 2011, the lowest station. Finally, the results of the third model (the highest frequency of rainstorms per month) shows that the lowest frequency of rainstorms per month was in Basra, 29 rainstorms in 2009, while Mosul station has 40 rainstorms in 2007 and the other stations within these two values.

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Predicted the Cumulative Annual Rainfall in Iraq Using SDSM Modal

Cited by 5 publications

References 11 publications

The Spatial Pattern Assessment of Annual Rainfall in Iraq for Periods from 2001 to 2023

The Spatial Pattern Assessment of Annual Rainfall in Iraq for Periods from 2001 to 2023

The Impact of ENSO on the Precipitation in Iraq Regions

Mapping Flash Floods in Iraq by Using GIS

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