Predicted CO2 water rock reactions in naturally altered CO2 storage reservoir sandstones, with interbedded cemented and coaly mudstone seals

Pearce, Jon; Dawson, G.W.; Golding, S. D.; Southam, Gordon; Paterson, David; Brink, Frank; Underschultz, Jim

doi:10.1016/j.coal.2022.103966

Cited by 23 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The metals mobilized were predicted in reservoir-scale models to be partly re-sequestered, and restricted to the extent of the injected CO 2 plume (Golding et al, 2019). However, regions of the southern and central Surat Basin were deemed to be more suitable for larger industrial-scale CO 2 storage owing to several reasons including the greater storage depths, lower water quality, and greater distance from water bores (Garnett et al, 2019;Pearce et al, 2022b). Although CO 2 injection at the Glenhaven site did not go ahead, the methods and learnings from that site have guided the assessment of the proposed high-prospectivity storage site in the southern Surat Basin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Hutton Sandstone is the low-salinity aquifer overlying the Evergreen Formation, and in other areas of the Surat Basin, both the Hutton Sandstone and the Precipice Sandstone are sources of water for agriculture, mining, livestock, or town water bores (Suckow et al, 2018;Hayes et al, 2020). The native quality of the groundwater within these aquifers is very variable with location, being fresh to brackish near recharge in the northern part of the basin, but less well known in the deeper southern part of the Surat Basin, which is now being considered for large-scale CO 2 storage (Hodgkinson and Grigorescu, 2012;Feitz et al, 2014;Pearce et al, 2019a;Pearce et al, 2020;Pearce et al, 2022b). In addition, CO 2 -enhanced oil recovery and storage is being considered in the Moonie Oil Field in the southern Surat Basin (Barakat et al, 2019;Pearce et al, 2021a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal Mobilization From CO2 Storage Cap-Rocks: Experimental Reactions With Pure CO2 or CO2 SO2 NO

et al. 2022

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CO2 geological storage will be needed as part of the transition to lower greenhouse gas emissions. During CO2 storage, the mobilization of metals from minerals to formation water via CO2 water rock reactions may be a concern for water quality. The sources, behavior, and fate of metals, however, are not well understood. Metals in minerals of calcite cemented sandstone, feldspar-rich sandstone, and ironstone seal drill cores from a target storage site were characterized. The cores were reacted with low-salinity water and pure supercritical CO2 or impure CO2 with SO2 and nitric oxide (NO), under reservoir conditions. Calcite cemented core underwent calcite dissolution with chlorite, plagioclase, and sulfide alteration. The highest concentrations of calcium and manganese were released in the reaction of calcite cemented sandstone seal, with the lowest mobilized arsenic concentration. Pure CO2 reaction of the feldspar-rich sandstone seal resulted in calcite dissolution, with plagioclase, chlorite, kaolinite, illite, and sulfides corroded. Impure CO2 reaction of the feldspar-rich sandstone led to additional corrosion of apatite, pyrite, and sphalerite cements. Generally, dissolved iron, lead, zinc, and arsenic were released and then re-precipitated in oxide minerals or adsorbed. Calcium, manganese, and strontium were released primarily from calcite cement dissolution. Plagioclase corrosion was a second source of dissolved strontium, and chlorite dissolution a second source of manganese. Although sulfides contained higher concentrations of metals, the higher reactivity of carbonates meant that the latter were the main sources contributing to dissolved metal concentrations. The mineral content of the seal cores, and the injected gas mixture, had an impact on the type and concentration of metals released. The ubiquitous presence of carbonate minerals means that this study is applicable to understanding the potential risk factors for water quality changes, and the mobilization and fate of environmentally regulated metals, in both CO2 storage complexes and overlying drinking water aquifers worldwide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal Mobilization From CO2 Storage Cap-Rocks: Experimental Reactions With Pure CO2 or CO2 SO2 NO

et al. 2022

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“…Chemical degradation of cement seals is mainly caused by high pressure, hydration, and geochemical interactions between cement minerals and the presented fluid, causing a reduction in tensile strength and hardness. During CO 2 storage, several studies have reported a high risk of CO 2 leakage through wellbore cement caused by the carbonation process. − The dissolution of CO 2 in the formation brine causes pH reduction and leads to the formation of carbonic acid, which may trigger cement degradation in CO 2 injection wells . The carbonation process may lead to filling the micropores in the cement with calcium iron precipitates as a result of the diffusion of carbonated water through the cement seal .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Impact on Cement Integrity during Underground Hydrogen Storage: A Minireview and Future Outlook

Fatah,

Al Ramadan,

Al-Yaseri

2024

Energy Fuels

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Underground hydrogen storage (UHS) is a promising solution to meet the increase in energy supply and demand while supporting the energy transition to net-zero carbon. The successful implementation of UHS requires careful assessment of several scientific aspects, among them evaluating the cement stability and wellbore integrity to ensure safe storage and production of hydrogen. Few studies have evaluated the geochemical reactivity of cement to hydrogen; however, more studies are needed to explore the role of hydrogen adsorption and diffusivity behavior with cement and address the associated wellbore integrity issues. This minireview presents the state-of-the-art advancement in evaluating the impact of hydrogen on cement wellbore stability from various aspects, including hydrogen/ cement interactions, hydrogen adsorption and diffusivity, current methodologies, experimental setups, and the role of cement additives and cushion gases. This minireview provides a general comparison between UHS and other gas storage applications and mainly aims to bridge the knowledge gap by providing insights for practical implementations, challenges, and future directions relevant to wellbore integrity. Although most of the reviewed studies reported a low impact of hydrogen injection on cement stability, the successful implementation of UHS requires further assessment as various technical and non-technical factors and mechanisms are involved. Systematic scientific studies should be performed in the future, which will assist in overcoming the existing challenges and reducing the uncertainty associated with wellbore integrity during UHS.

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“…Conventional CO 2 geological storage mainly holds CO 2 in saline formations (Bentham and Kirby, 2005;Michael et al, 2009;Bachu, 2015) and depleted oil and gas reservoirs. The conventional CO 2 geological storage keeps CO 2 underground by four major mechanisms: 1) residual trapping (capillary force immobilizes CO 2 ganglions in pores) (Saeedi et al, 2012); 2) structural trapping (caprock blocks upward CO 2 migration by high capillary entry pressures) (Bradshaw et al, 2007;Nilsen et al, 2012;Gasda et al, 2013); 3) dissolution trapping (CO 2 dissolves in brine) (Anchliya et al, 2012;Agartan et al, 2015;Soltanian et al, 2017;Chen et al, 2018); and 4) mineral trapping (or geochemical trapping, CO 2 converts to minerals) (Underschultz et al, 2011;Hannis et al, 2017;Pearce et al, 2022aPearce et al, , 2022b. Although large amount of CO 2 can be injected into underground reservoirs (Bradshaw et al, 2007), most CO 2 exists in a liquid or supercritical status, which is not stable and is likely to leak to surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petrophysical recipe for in-situ CO2 mineralization in basalt rocks

Chen,

Seyyedi,

Clennell

2024

Adv. Geo-Energy Res.

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In-situ carbon dioxide mineralization in basalt rocks has been identified as a scalable, fast, safe, permanent, and cost-effective method to offset the anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. In-situ carbon dioxide mineralization refers to underground carbon dioxide transformation to carbonate minerals in basalt reservoirs. Although current field applications achieved fast in-situ carbon dioxide mineralization, limited petrophysical criteria have been proposed to screen a potential site to implement in-situ carbon dioxide mineralization. To fill this knowledge gap, geochemical modellings were performed to find an optimal petrophysical recipe, including pressure, temperature, pH, and mineral composition, to conduct in-situ carbon dioxide mineralization. The geochemical modellings showed that increasing pressure was favourable to increase water uptake of carbon dioxide, host rock dissolution, and in-situ carbon dioxide mineralization. However, a higher temperature depressed the in-situ carbon dioxide mineralization. Furthermore, the in-situ carbon dioxide mineralization was unravelled to be heavily pH dependent. Most magnesite precipitated in pH range from 9 to 11. Moreover, the forsterite was identified as the major contributing minerals while anorthite, fayalite, and diopside played a minor role in the in-situ carbon dioxide mineralization. This investigation provided a general protocol to screen the optimal petrophysical conditions for in-situ carbon dioxide mineralization.

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Predicted CO2 water rock reactions in naturally altered CO2 storage reservoir sandstones, with interbedded cemented and coaly mudstone seals

Cited by 23 publications

References 67 publications

Metal Mobilization From CO2 Storage Cap-Rocks: Experimental Reactions With Pure CO2 or CO2 SO2 NO

Metal Mobilization From CO2 Storage Cap-Rocks: Experimental Reactions With Pure CO2 or CO2 SO2 NO

Hydrogen Impact on Cement Integrity during Underground Hydrogen Storage: A Minireview and Future Outlook

Petrophysical recipe for in-situ CO2 mineralization in basalt rocks

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