Predicação na língua Wayoro (Tupi): propriedades de finitude

Abstract

Nogueira, A. F. de S. Predication in the Wayoro language (Tupi): properties of finiteness. São Paulo, 2019. 190p. PhD. Thesis Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences. University of são Paulo. Generally, the properties of the main-declarative-affirmative-active clauses are the finite verbal clause prototype, that is, the prototype from which non-finite clauses will deviate (GIVÓN, 2016, p. 272). As mentioned in the literature, such deviation will occur in the following syntactic environments: subordinate clauses (CRISTOFARO, 2005) and nominalizations, being the latter a clearly predominant phenomenon in the South American languages (GIJN; HAUDE; MUYSKEN, 2011a). This thesis focuses on the properties of finiteness in these three syntactic environments: matrix sentence, (infinitive) subordinate clause, and nominalization. In several languages, there is a morpheme that creates nouns from intransitive and transitive verbs with the meaning of "a place where X happens"or "an instrument for X"(COMRIE; THOMPSON, 2007). In the Wayoro language (Tupari subfamily, Tupian), this morpheme is-p∼-m 'nominalizer'. However, we noticed constructions with a homophonous morpheme that appear as complements of verbs and that show properties of clauses. Are these complements better analyzed as nominalizations or as subordinate clauses? The property of main clauses (morphosyntactic finiteness features)-person marking, valency-changing morphemes, tense and aspect markers, sentential type, modality, and polarity-serve to compare the subordinate clauses and the nominalizations. Based on the morphosyntactic finiteness features, we analyze as nominalization the construction that behaves syntactically as a noun phrase without any finiteness feature. We analyze as a subordinate (infinitive) clause the-p∼-m construction which functions as an object of a verb and allows aspect markers and expression of cliticized pronominal subjects or non-pronominal subjects. In this way, morphosyntactic finiteness features allow us: to distinguish, on the one hand, nominalization from subordinate clauses and, on the other hand, matrices from subordinate clauses, since matrix sentences exhibit agreement and tense marking, which do not occur in infinitive subordinate clauses; to distinguish verbal predicates (matrix sentences and subordinate clauses) from nonverbal predicates, since copula and existential verbs do not occur with person marking and tense/aspect affixes.

The clausal organization of Tuparí, an indigenous Brazilian language

“…Transitive lexical verbs are immediately preceded by the direct object. A syntactic property shared by Tupar ı and its sister languages (see Galucio 2001, 2002Nogueira , 2019 on Wayoro; Aragon 2014 on Akunts u) is that direct objects must be linearly adjacent to the transitive lexical verb. Due to this adjacency requirementwhich we discuss in greater detail in separate worktransitive VPs front as a unit to the clause-initial syntactic position.…”

Predicados Nominais e Adjetivais em Línguas do Ramo Tupari da Família Tupí

“…Destacamos que se trata claramente de um morfema cognato com a partícula nẽ que ocorre em Akuntsú, Sakurabiat e Tupari, em construções semelhantes, como discutido nas seções acima. Uma possibilidade é que esse morfema tenha tido originalmente distribuição semelhante ao morfema cognato nas outras línguas e posteriormente se desenvolvido em um auxiliar verbal em Wayoro, passando a receber marcação de aspecto e tempo, como analisado por Nogueira (2019b). Uma análise mais aprofundada em termos do desenvolvimento histórico desses morfemas está além do escopo deste artigo, mas deve ser objeto de futuros estudos histórico-comparativos das línguas Tupari.…”

“…Serão analisados dados descritivos das cinco línguas do ramo Tupari, com a finalidade de verificar como se apresentam as predicações não verbais nestas línguas, observando quais as semelhanças e as diferenças, se houver, entre os predicados não verbais desse ramo da família. O corpus comparativo utilizado neste trabalho é constituído por construções com predicados não verbais retirados de trabalhos de Alves (2004), Aragon (2008Aragon ( , 2014, Braga (2005Braga ( , 2009, Galucio (2001), Isidoro, R. Tuparí e I. Tuparí (2018), Nogueira (2014Nogueira ( , 2019aNogueira ( , 2019b e Singerman (2018aSingerman ( , 2018bSingerman ( , 2019, além de dados inéditos coletados por nós, com falantes da língua Sakurabiat. A fonte dos exemplos (autor, data, página) será indicada em cada caso.…”

On finite embedded clauses in Tuparí: their synchrony, diachrony, and typology

“…Tuparí retains several non-finite subordination strategies which are shared by the other members of the Tuparían branch of the Tupían family (see Galucio 2011aGalucio ,b, 2014Aragon 2014;Nogueira 2019;Galucio & Nogueira 2018). Crucially, these strategies are non-finite: they never contain tense, aspectual, evidential, or clause-typing morphology.…”

“…' elicitation: 2018-08-16 In all four examples the direct object, ewaet 'your hammock', immediately precedes the transitive verb ãpe 'hang up'. Object-verb order is absolute in the Tuparí VP; indeed, this headfinal syntactic property is shared by all the languages belonging to the Tuparí an branch of the Tupían family (Galucio 2001;Braga 2005;Aragon 2014;Nogueira 2019). Examples (b) and (d) additionally contain an auxiliary from the aux go series, so named because of a diachronic connection with the lexical verb 'go'; like all of the language's auxiliaries, these must follow rather than precede the lexical VP.…”