Predatory and suspension feeding of the copepod Acartia tonsa in turbulent environments

Saiz, Enric; Kiørboe, Thomas

doi:10.3354/meps122147

Cited by 188 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Numerous studies have shown that copepods respond remotely to potential mates , Weissburg et al 1998, predators (Drenner & McCormas 1980), and prey (Siaz & Kiørboe 1995, Jonsson & Tiselius 1990. Although the stimuli used to identify and locate other individuals may involve a cocktail of chemical and fluid mechanical signals, the results of previous studies have shown that mechanical signals are sufficient to elicit feeding (Yen & Fields unpubl.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Mechanical and neural responses from the mechanosensory hairs on the antennule of Gaussia princeps

Fields¹,

Shaeffer²,

Weissburg³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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This study investigated the physical and physiological response of individual setae on the antennule of Gaussia princeps. We found significant differences in the physical and physiological responses of the setae to various intensities of water flow. No physiological evidence was found to suggest that individual setae are dually innervated; however, directional bias in both the displacement and subsequent physiological responses was evident. Although more easily displaced by fluid flow, the shortest hairs were physiologically less sensitive to angular deflection than were the longer setae, so that slow flows produced a greater neural response in the long seta. The combination of high resistance to movement and acute physiological sensitivity allows the long seta to respond to biologically driven, low-intensity flows while filtering out high-frequency background noise. This suggests that the most prominent, long, distal setae function as low-flow detectors whereas the short hairs respond to more rapid fluid motion. Each seta responds to only a portion of the overall range of water velocity in the copepod's habitat. Thus, the entire sensory appendage, which consists of an ensemble of setae of different morphologies and lengths, may function as a unit to code the intensity and directionality of complex fluid disturbances.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Mechanical and neural responses from the mechanosensory hairs on the antennule of Gaussia princeps

Fields¹,

Shaeffer²,

Weissburg³

2002

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Saiz & Kiørboe 1995, Saiz et al 2003. In the present work, increasing turbulence decreased phytoplankton patchiness in inshore and offshore waters (see Figs.…”

Section: Small-scale Phytoplankton Patchiness and Zooplankton Grazingmentioning

confidence: 76%

Hydrodynamic and tidal controls of small-scale phytoplankton patchiness

Seuront¹

2005

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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A continuous time series of high-resolution in vivo fluorescence measurements in coastal waters of the eastern English Channel over 4 tidal cycles investigated the potential influence of different turbulence intensities and advective tidal processes on small-scale phytoplankton patchiness. Although small-scale phytoplankton patchiness decreased with increasing turbulence intensity, phytoplankton distributions were never fully homogenised, and were more patchy during ebb than flood tides at turbulence intensities ranging from 10 -7 to 10 -4 m 2 s -3. A combination of biologically and physically driven patchiness is suggested to be the cause of the observed patterns.

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“…This circumstance may shape many features of their physiological and morphological functioning including the efficiency of nutrient assimilation (1), prey-predator interactions (2) and cell division (3). One of the key controls turbulence exerts on phytoplankton results from its effect on sedimentation rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Turbulence increases the average settling velocity of phytoplankton cells

Ruiz

Macías²,

Peters³

2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

135

111

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It is a well known fact that stirring keeps particles suspended in fluids. This is apparent, for instance, when shaking medicine flasks, when agitating tea deposits in a mug, or when heavy winds fill the air with dust particles. The commonplace nature of such observations makes it easy to accept that this feature will apply to any natural phenomenon as long as the flow is turbulent enough. This has been the case for phytoplankton in the surface mixed layers of lakes and oceans. The traditional view assumes that an increase in turbulence bears ecological advantages for nonmotile groups like diatoms that, otherwise, would settle in deep and unlit waters. However, this assumption has no theoretical ground, and the experimental results we present here point in the opposite direction. Phytoplankton settling velocity increases when turbulence intensifies from the low to the higher values recorded in the upper mixed layers of lakes and oceans. Consequently, turbulence does not favor phytoplankton remaining in lit waters but is rather an environmental stress that can only be avoided through morphological and͞or physiological adaptations. P hytoplankton in the upper mixed layers of lakes and oceans live in a turbulent flow regime. This circumstance may shape many features of their physiological and morphological functioning including the efficiency of nutrient assimilation (1), prey-predator interactions (2) and cell division (3). One of the key controls turbulence exerts on phytoplankton results from its effect on sedimentation rates. A compensatory role is usually assumed for turbulence, especially for nonmotile cells lacking other mechanisms to counteract their sinking from the surface to depth. However, this potential role cannot result from a direct effect of turbulence on the settling velocity of cells. The results presented in this paper clearly demonstrate that turbulence increases the settling of phytoplankton cells, regardless of the species considered and independent of turbulence-generation devices or velocity-measurement instruments. Our evidence questions the traditionally accepted notion that turbulence diminishes phytoplankton settling in the ocean. All experiments were made with particle concentrations Ͻ20 ppm by volume, with negligible effects on the flow. It is also a low concentration to expect significant deviations from Stokes terminal velocity due to interactions between the fields generated by two falling particles (4). These deviations scale as the ratio of particle diameter to distance between particles (4). The value of the latter can be estimated as the inverse cube root of the particle concentration (Ͻ20 ppm by volume) divided by individual volume (function of particle ESD). Ratios of ESD to distance between particle of the order of 0.01 are obtained. Deviations from Stokes terminal velocities observed in our experiments are much higher (see below). Therefore, interaction between particles cannot be the exclusive origin of the results presented below. On the other hand, temperature variations...

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Predatory and suspension feeding of the copepod Acartia tonsa in turbulent environments

Cited by 188 publications

References 13 publications

Mechanical and neural responses from the mechanosensory hairs on the antennule of Gaussia princeps

Mechanical and neural responses from the mechanosensory hairs on the antennule of Gaussia princeps

Hydrodynamic and tidal controls of small-scale phytoplankton patchiness

Turbulence increases the average settling velocity of phytoplankton cells

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