Predatory activity and spatial pattern: the response of generalist carabids to their aphid prey

Winder, Linton; Alexander, Colin James; Holland, John M.; Symondson, William Oliver Christian; Perry, J. N.; Woolley, Christopher

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2005.00939.x

Cited by 82 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Although high rates of aphid consumption were recorded, Collembola (an important non-pest food resource) influenced predation rates of erigonid spiders, thus reducing levels of biological control. Similar tracking of predator and prey populations were reported by Winder et al (2005) who correlated the activity and spatial patterns of carabids with those of their prey. These simultaneous assessments of prey availability and quantitative measures of predation are essential to enhancing our understanding of the complex trophic interactions between predators and prey.…”

Section: Serological Techniquessupporting

confidence: 54%

Quantifying aphid predation rates of generalist predators in the field

Harwood¹,

Obrycki²

2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The community of predators within agroecosystems has the potential to restrict aphid populations, especially early in the season before exponential increases in density and prior to the arrival of specialist natural enemies. Although direct observations of predation, laboratory feeding trials and manipulative field studies have been used to estimate levels of biological control exerted by different species (or potentially negative interactions between them), it is often difficult to extrapolate results to naturally occurring interactions in the field.Over 100 investigations have utilized gut-content analysis to estimate aphid predation rates by predators. Throughout the last century, gut dissection, which enables the visual identification of aphid body parts, has been used in over 50% of studies although accurate identification and quantification of predation is difficult. Other techniques have included radio-labelling of prey, dissection of faecal samples, electrophoresis, stable isotope analysis and use of polyclonal antisera. In recent studies of invertebrate predation, monoclonal antibodies have been the most frequently applied technique but advances in molecular biology have enabled the detection of species-specific DNA sequences. The use of these applications to quantify predation by aphidophagous predators will be reviewed, with emphasis on potential sources of error and difficulties of quantitative interpretation. Despite the considerable focus currently directed towards molecular approaches, antibody-based techniques are likely to remain an important tool for studying predation rates of pests in the field, especially when antibodies have already been developed. However, the study of multiple predation events within complex generalist predator food webs is only likely through the detection of species-specific DNA sequences using molecular techniques.

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Section: Serological Techniquessupporting

confidence: 54%

Quantifying aphid predation rates of generalist predators in the field

Harwood¹,

Obrycki²

2005

Eur. J. Entomol.

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“…Perhaps the most thoroughly investigated such case involving aphids is that of cereal fields of northern Europe. An impressive variety of field experimental, observational, and modeling (simulation) results support the conclusion that generalist arthropod predators (especially carabids and spiders) at times can slow significantly the population growth of aphids, particularly early in the growing season (e.g., Edwards et al, 1979;Chiverton 1986Chiverton , 1987Ekbom et al, 1992;Ostman et al, 2001;Lang, 2003;Toft, 2005;Winder et al, 2005;Bommarco et al, 2007). These predators overwinter in large numbers especially at field margins, and repopulate the fields each spring (Petersen, 1999a;Oberg & Ekbom, 2006).…”

Section: Negative Interactions Among Herbivores (Apparent Competition)mentioning

confidence: 68%

Multitrophic interactions among plants, aphids, alternate prey and shared natural enemies - a review

Evans¹

2008

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Given the generalist tendencies of most predatory arthropods, it is widely thought that their impact on a particular prey species in a given habitat (e.g., an insect pest in a crop) will depend frequently on the local availability of other prey (which for omnivorous predators, can include plant resources, such as fruit and pollen). Thus, from a slightly different perspective, aphids, other herbivorous insects, and plants often may interact indirectly by sharing natural enemies. Such interactions may be either negative or positive, as in the concepts of apparent competition and apparent mutualism, and may therefore have variable impact on the herbivores' host plants as well. I examine the different mechanisms for such indirect effects among herbivores as explored in the experimental literature. An impressive collective effort by numerous researchers recently has expanded considerably our empirical base of support for a variety of hypothesized mechanisms; aphids stand out as the most commonly studied subjects in research on these mechanisms. I therefore focus especially on the recent literature of cases involving aphids interacting indirectly with other prey for generalist predators. My remarks are organized by considering how the availability of alternate prey may alter functional and numerical (aggregative and reproductive) responses of predators to focal prey density. Although the distinctions among these different classes of predator responses and the associated indirect effects are often blurred and scale-dependent, this classification remains useful for organizing the diverse ways in which aphids have been found to participate in indirect interactions among prey as mediated by predators. Collectively, the results of the numerous studies reviewed here suggest that many such indirect interactions likely occur frequently in natural settings, with consequences ultimately for host plant performance.

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“…The correspondence between the geographical distributions of interactive species has been suggested by other works (Bohan et al 2000, Winder et al 2005, Bell et al 2010. Additionally, we hope that it might also present implications for integrating biotic interactions into niche modeling.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Distribuição geográfica de abelhas e plantas associadas através de modelagem computacional

Giannini¹

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Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, José e Deolinda -os primeiros que me ensinaram que a beleza está ao redore também à Rita (in memoriam), Lourdes, Luciana, Marcelo, Gabriel e Caio os amores da minha vida. Naquele Império, a Arte da Cartografia atingiu tal perfeição que o mapa duma só província ocupava toda uma cidade, e o mapa do Império, toda uma província. Com o tempo, esses mapas desmedidos não mais satisfaziam e os Colégios de Cartógrafos levantaram um mapa do Império que tinha o tamanho do Império e coincidia ponto por ponto com ele. Apegadas ao estudo da Cartografia, as gerações seguintes entenderam que esse extenso mapa era inútil e não sem impiedade o entregaram às inclemências do sol e dos invernos. Nos desertos do oeste subsistem despedaçadas ruínas do mapa, habitadas por animais e por mendigos. Em todo o país não resta outra relíquia das disciplinas geográficas. Citado por Jorge Luis Borges

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Predatory activity and spatial pattern: the response of generalist carabids to their aphid prey

Cited by 82 publications

References 49 publications

Quantifying aphid predation rates of generalist predators in the field

Quantifying aphid predation rates of generalist predators in the field

Multitrophic interactions among plants, aphids, alternate prey and shared natural enemies - a review

Distribuição geográfica de abelhas e plantas associadas através de modelagem computacional

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