Predators, parasitoids and pathogens of ticks: A review

Mwangi, Esther N.; Dipeolu, O. O.; Newson, R. M.; Kaaya, Godwin P.; Hassan, Shwagi M.

doi:10.1080/09583159109355195

Cited by 34 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…One factor that may limit tick populations is predation by organisms such as pathogens, parasites, parasitoids and predators (Jenkins, 1964;Hoogstraal, 1977;Daoust, 1981). A review of this subject has been given by Mwangi et al (1991). The best results seem to have been obtained using parasitoids (Jenkins, 1964;Jaenson et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic fungi associated with Ixodes ricinus ticks

Kalsbeek¹,

Frandsen²,

Steenberg³

1995

Exp Appl Acarol

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The objective of this study was to demonstrate the occurrence of entomopathogenic fungi on Ixodes ricinus ticks in relation to the tick stage, engorgement and season. Ticks were collected from the vegetation, from small rodents and from deer. All entomopathogenic fungi found belonged to the Hyphomycetes. Paecilomyces farinosus and Verticillium lecanii were the predominant species. Other species, found only on engorged females were: Beauveria bassiana, B. brongniartii, P. fumosoroseus and V. aranearum. Eight out of 1833 ticks collected from the vegetation and three out of 269 engorged nymphs were infected with fungi. Thirty-three out of 149 engorged females were infected, whereas males and engorged larvae were not infected. Throughout the season, a significantly higher proportion of ticks collected in autumn were infected. Entomopathogenic fungi may have a significant impact on the size of the I. ricinus population, since females were the most frequently infected stage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entomopathogenic fungi associated with Ixodes ricinus ticks

Kalsbeek¹,

Frandsen²,

Steenberg³

1995

Exp Appl Acarol

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“…Interestingly, the faecal pellets indicated that almost as many ticks were eaten as spiders, and ticks were found in almost a third of the faecal pellets. With the possible exception of some island-dwelling Tropidurus lizards, ticks do not seem to be a regular part of the diet for most lizard species (Duffy 1983;Samish & Rehacek 1999), although the lizards Gerrhosaurus flavigularis, Trachylepis quinquetaeniata and T. striata have been documented to opportunistically take adult ticks (Mwangi et al 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An index of spring diet in the common flat lizard,Platysaurus intermedius wilhelmi

Murray

2014

African Journal of Herpetology

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Flat lizards of the genus Platysaurus are primarily insectivorous, but some species are omnivorous, eating significant amounts of plant material. The common flat lizard, P. intermedius, is thought to forage on arthropods, flowers, leaves and fruit. However, this assertion is based on a single study that documents the presence of various food items in a large series of museum specimens from several subspecies of P. intermedius. I examined faecal pellets from P. i. wilhelmi collected during October 2013 in order to survey the spring diet of this subspecies. I found that P. i. wilhelmi preyed mostly on ants, bees and wasps, and included only a minimal amount of vegetation in its diet, some of which was likely to have been incidentally ingested while feeding on arthropods. This study provides only the second examination of the feeding ecology of P. i. wilhelmi, and shows that during spring, flat lizards from one population in South Africa feed largely on insects from the order Hymenoptera.

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“…During the early 20th century, trials to introduce tick parasitoids in several new sites either failed or had little impact on tick populations (Mather et al, 1987;Samish, 2000). Mwangi et al (1991) reported a strain of Ixodiphagus hookeri (-Hunterelus hookeri) parasitising nymphs of A. variegatum in the Trans Mara, Kuja river and Busia areas of western Kenya. Under natural field conditions the parasitoid was found in pockets parasitising large proportions of A. variegatum nymphs (50 % in Trans Mara, 70 % in Kuja river and 30 % in Busia).…”

Section: Parasitoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospects for Innovative Tick Control Methods in Africa

Kaaya

2003

Int. J. Trop. Insect Sci.

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Ticks, and the diseases they transmit, are of great economic and medical importance worldwide, and especially in Africa, where they are considered to be the greatest animal disease problem. The four major genera of ticks are Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma and Boophilus. Ticks harm their animal hosts by sucking their blood thus reducing growth rate and milk yield, cause mechanical damage to hides and skins causing tick worry, introduce toxins and predispose the animals to myasis. Theileriosis, cowdriosis and dermatophilosis are the major tick-borne and tick-associated diseases of grazing cattle in Africa. The conventional method of tick control is the application of chemical acaricides, but it is associated with a number of problems including environmental pollution, chemical residues in meat and milk products as well as in wool, development of tick resistance and high cost. Some of the alternatives to chemical control of ticks that are available in Africa are discussed in this paper.Resume-Les tiques et les maladies qu'elles transmettent sont d'une grande importance economique et medicale dans le monde, et plus particulierement en Afrique, ou elles sont considerees comme le principal probleme sanitaire du bitail. Les quatre principaux genres de tiques sont Amblyomma, Rhipicephalus, Hyalomma et Boophilus. Les tiques nuisent a la sante de leur hote en sugant leur sang, ce qui se traduit par une reduction du taux de croissance et de la production laitiere. Ils sont responsables d'alterations du cuir et de l'epiderme provoquant des lesions, injectent des toxines et predisposent les animaux aux myases. La theileriose, la cowdriose et la dermatophilose sont les principales maladies des animaux de pSturage transmises par les tiques en Afrique. La methode traditionnelle de controle des tiques est l'application d'acaricides chimiques mais elle s'accompagne de nombreux effets secoridaires, parmi lesquels une pollution de l'environnement, la presence de residus chimiques dans la viande et le lait ainsi que dans la laine, le developpement de resistance chez les tiques et un cout eleve. Quelques unes des alternatives au controle chimique des tiques disponibles en Afrique sont presentees dans cette publication.

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Predators, parasitoids and pathogens of ticks: A review

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Entomopathogenic fungi associated with Ixodes ricinus ticks

Entomopathogenic fungi associated with Ixodes ricinus ticks

An index of spring diet in the common flat lizard,Platysaurus intermedius wilhelmi

Prospects for Innovative Tick Control Methods in Africa

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