Predator stress-induced immunosuppression: trade-off, immune redistribution or immune reconfiguration?

Adamo, Shelley A.; Easy, Russell H.; Kovalko, Ilya; MacDonald, Jenna; McKeen, Ashleigh; Swanburg, Taylor; Turnbull, Kurtis F.; Reeve, Catherine

doi:10.1242/jeb.153320

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Prolonged predation risk is often interpreted as a factor responsible for chronic stress and reduction in prey fitness, including impairment of defence abilities 14 as well as direct mortality 15,16 . On the other hand, prolonged exposure to predator signals has been demonstrated to induce reconfiguration of physiological processes necessary to compensate the costs of the defence reaction [17][18][19] . Moreover, some studies demonstrated that individuals pre-exposed to predation cues were better prepared to predator pressure than non-stressed ones 20,21 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Continuity of chronic predation risk determines changes in prey physiology

Jermacz

Kletkiewicz

Nowakowska

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Prey reconfigure their physiology to avoid costs of prolonged predator pressure. However, these changes might not occur under periodic predation risk, with repeating acute phases. To test the effect of predation risk continuity on changes in prey physiology, we exposed amphipods: Dikerogammarus villosus and Gammarus jazdzewskii to periodic and constant predation cue. After one week, we measured: cellular defence systems: total antioxidant status (TAS), heat shock proteins (Hsp70); intracellular damage marker: lipid peroxidation (TBARS); condition index: glycogen concentration. Predator presence reduced TAS level in G. jazdzewskii independent of its continuity and in D. villosus after periodic exposure. Amphipods showed downregulation of Hsp70 when exposed to periodic (D. villosus) or constant (G. jazdzewskii) predation risk. Exposure to predators reduced TBARS level in D. villosus (irrespective of the continuity) and G. jazdzewskii (periodic exposure). Glycogen concentration in both species was not affected by predator presence. Thus, the continuity of the predator cue shaped prey physiology reconfiguration, optimizing costs of physiological adjustments under challenging conditions. Nevertheless, the lack of negative consequences of the prolonged exposure to the predator cue, whether constant or periodic, shows that amphipods can thrive under chronic predation risk, which is a constant part of the wild environment.

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confidence: 99%

Continuity of chronic predation risk determines changes in prey physiology

Jermacz

Kletkiewicz

Nowakowska

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Mangahas et al . ); immunosuppression in response to chronic predation risk appears to be a common, but not universal, response that arises from trade‐offs and from a physiological network of stress and immune responses (Adamo et al ., ; Adamo, ). By contrast, the present study exposes larvae over a relatively limited time period (72 hours) making this an acute, rather than chronic exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predator‐induced physiological plasticity can take many forms, depending on the interactions between stress responses and immune function (Adamo, ,b). Recent evidence has shown that exposure to predator cues can induce heightened immune responses by prey in some contexts (Duong and McCauley, ; Adamo et al ., ), possibly as a response to the increased risk of wounding by predators (Dhabhar, ). However, predator exposure can also be immunosuppressive (Adamo et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent evidence has shown that exposure to predator cues can induce heightened immune responses by prey in some contexts (Duong and McCauley, ; Adamo et al ., ), possibly as a response to the increased risk of wounding by predators (Dhabhar, ). However, predator exposure can also be immunosuppressive (Adamo et al ., ). Such predator‐induced immune plasticity suggests that the community context of prey may indirectly affect their susceptibility to pathogens and parasites, and thus influence infectious disease dynamics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exposure to potentially cannibalistic conspecifics induces an increased immune response

Murray

Tah

Koprivnikar

et al. 2019

Ecological Entomology

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1. Within‐population infectious disease dynamics depend on multiple factors, including the ability of hosts to mount an effective immune response. These immune responses can be highly plastic, responding to pathogen risk, as well as the ecological context in which pathogens are encountered. 2. High conspecific density can stimulate immune activity, and recent research suggests that predators can cause indirect protective effects in their prey through the induction of increased immune responses. Comparatively little work, however, has investigated whether exposure to potentially cannibalistic conspecifics, representing both increased density and predatory pressures, will have similar effects on immune expression. 3. Using dragonfly larvae, the present study investigated whether exposure to potentially cannibalistic conspecifics altered the melanisation of simulated parasites. 4. Increased levels of melanisation were found in larvae regardless of whether that conspecific had recently engaged in cannibalism or not. Melanisation also increased as conspecific density increased, even if the conspecifics present were small, and therefore unlikely to pose a cannibalism threat. 5. The findings obtained in the present study indicate that conspecific presence is sufficient to affect immune responses in these insects even though they are relatively solitary compared with the phase‐polyphenic taxa typically associated with density‐dependent prophylaxis. Because melanisation is also important for wound healing, we suggest that the increased melanin response observed with increased conspecific density might act to induce heightened immunity when faced with potentially increased risk of infection, and also facilitate wound healing under threat of predation/cannibalism.

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“…Одним из направлений исследований С.А. Адамо (Ada mo, 2012(Ada mo, , 2014(Ada mo, , 2017aAdamo et al, 2013Adamo et al, , 2017 является изучение стрессзависимой иммунной функции с использованием моделей насекомых. Показано, что у насекомых медиаторы стрессового ответа (т. е. гормоны стресса) меняют иммунный статус насекомого, в том числе частично перераспределяя молекулярные ресурсы в пользу двигательной активности, интенсификация которой необходима для борьбы или бегства.…”

Section: тест-системы и биоиспытанияunclassified