Predator Defense by Slender Lorises and Pottos

Nekaris, K. Anne-Isola; Pimley, Elizabeth R.; Ablard, Kelly

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-34810-0_10

Cited by 52 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…) . The grasping hands may be used to cling during high winds or if a predator tries to shake a loris from a tree . Although lorises tend to prefer substrates around which their hands can cling completely, the smaller slender lorises will not shy from scaling a tree trunk.…”

Section: A Loris Superhighwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…32,33 The grasping hands may be used to cling during high winds or if a predator tries to shake a loris from a tree. 34 Although lorises tend to prefer substrates around which their hands can cling completely, the smaller slender lorises will not shy from scaling a tree trunk. Indeed, trunks are amongst the most widely used substrates for Nycticebus; slow lorises can cling to trunks of more than 100 cm in diameter for extended periods of up to 45 min, during which time they intensively gouge for gum and other exudates.…”

Section: Lorisinaementioning

confidence: 99%

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Extreme primates: Ecology and evolution of Asian lorises

Nekaris¹

2014

Evolutionary Anthropology

111

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Asia's slow and slender lorises (Nycticebus and Loris) are among nature's most extreme primates. Until recently, it was not understood why lorises have such huge forward-facing eyes, strange steady climbing locomotion, tiny dependent babies, and a bite that potentially can kill a human! Indeed, early studies described them as slow, solitary, and boring. Twenty years of field research now indicate that lorises are among the most intriguing mammal species.

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Section: A Loris Superhighwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lorisinaementioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme primates: Ecology and evolution of Asian lorises

Nekaris¹

2014

Evolutionary Anthropology

111

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“…and carnivores (e.g. the African palm civet, Nandinia binotata ) [Nekaris et al, 2007;Pimley and Bearder, 2013]. In the context of predaa b…”

Section: Visual Ecology and Spatial Resolving Power In The Pottomentioning

confidence: 99%

The Topographic Organization of Retinal Ganglion Cell Density and Spatial Resolving Power in an Unusual Arboreal and Slow-Moving Strepsirhine Primate, the Potto <b><i>(Perodicticus potto)</i></b>

Coimbra¹,

Kaswera‐Kyamakya

Gilissen³

et al. 2016

Brain Behav Evol

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The potto (Perodicticus potto) is an arboreal strepsirhine found in the rainforests of central Africa. In contrast to most primates, the potto shows slow-moving locomotion over the upper surface of branches, where it forages for exudates and crawling invertebrates with its head held very close to the substrate. Here, we asked whether the retina of the potto displays topographic specializations in neuronal density that correlate with its unusual lifestyle. Using stereology and retinal wholemounts, we measured the total number and topographic distribution of retinal ganglion cells (total and presumed parasol), as well as estimating the upper limits of the spatial resolution of the potto eye. We estimated ∼210,000 retinal ganglion cells, of which ∼7% (∼14,000) comprise presumed parasol ganglion cells. The topographic distribution of both total and parasol ganglion cells reveals a concentric centroperipheral organization with a nasoventral asymmetry. Combined with the upwardly shifted orbits of the potto, this nasoventral increase in parasol ganglion cell density enhances contrast sensitivity and motion detection skywards, which potentially assists with the detection of predators in the high canopy. The central area of the potto occurs ∼2.5 mm temporal to the optic disc and contains a maximum ganglion cell density of ∼4,300 cells/mm². We found no anatomical evidence of a fovea within this region. Using maximum ganglion cell density and eye size (∼14 mm), we estimated upper limits of spatial resolving power between 4.1 and 4.4 cycles/degree. Despite their reported reliance on olfaction to detect exudates, this level of spatial resolution potentially assists pottos with foraging for small invertebrates and in the detection of predators.

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“…2010;Wiens & Zitzmann, 1999). It is also suggested that civets and bears could be potential predators of the loris species (Nekaris et. al.…”

Section: Strepsirrhinimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Galagos have minimal avoidance responses by hiding, fleeing, mobbing, and signaling alarm calls. Pottos primarily use crypsis to hide from predation threats by reducing communications within their small social groups and remaining still for hours at a time (Nekaris et. al.…”

Section: Strepsirrhinimentioning

confidence: 99%

A theoretical consideration: Understanding primate polyspecific associations through current literature of primate predation and communication

Dobson¹

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Predator Defense by Slender Lorises and Pottos

Cited by 52 publications

References 75 publications

Extreme primates: Ecology and evolution of Asian lorises

Extreme primates: Ecology and evolution of Asian lorises

The Topographic Organization of Retinal Ganglion Cell Density and Spatial Resolving Power in an Unusual Arboreal and Slow-Moving Strepsirhine Primate, the Potto <b><i>(Perodicticus potto)</i></b>

A theoretical consideration: Understanding primate polyspecific associations through current literature of primate predation and communication

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