Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes

Ates, R.M.L.

doi:10.1007/978-94-011-3240-4_44

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Nematocysts, cnidocysts used to inject venom, offer a formidable defense from predators, but despite this weaponry numerous animals from many phyla prey on cnidarians (Salvini-Plawen, 1972; Ates, 1989, 1991; Arai, 2005). Some of these predators acquire unfired cnidocysts from their prey and store those cnidocysts in functional form within their own cells; the acquired cnidocysts (which are always nematocysts) are referred to as kleptocnidae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and use of nematocysts by cnidarian predators

Greenwood

2009

Toxicon

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Although toxic, physically destructive, and produced solely by cnidarians, cnidocysts are acquired, stored, and used by some predators of cnidarians. Despite knowledge of this phenomenon for well over a century, little empirical evidence details the mechanisms of how (and even why) these organisms use organelles of cnidarians. However, in the past twenty years a number of published experimental investigations address two of the fundamental questions of nematocyst acquisition and use by cnidarian predators: 1) how are cnidarian predators protected from cnidocyst discharge during feeding, and 2) how are the nematocysts used by the predator?

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition and use of nematocysts by cnidarian predators

Greenwood

2009

Toxicon

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“…Many fish species with broad diets (i.e., spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias Linnaeus, 1758, chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta (Walbaum, 1792), and Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus Linnaeus, 1758) feed at times on jelly organisms (Arai, 1988Ates, 1988Ates, , 1991Mianzan et al, 1996;Arai et al, 2003). However, direct observations of fish stomach contents have shown that predation on jelly organisms is more common and frequent than previously thought.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jellyfish Blooms IV

Purcell¹,

Mianzán²,

Frost³

2012

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“…However, it is more likely that Phyllodiscus uses adaptive colouration to avoid predation. Sea turtles, for instance, are known to feed on sea anemones and other stinging cnidarians despite their venomous nematocysts (Den Hartog, 1979;Den Hartog and Van Nierop, 1984;Van Nierop and Den Hartog, 1984;Ates, 1991;Plotkin et al, 1993;Tomas et al, 2001;Arai, 2005). Some fishes, for example reefdwelling butterfly fishes (Chaetodontidae), also eat sea anemones (Ottaway, 1977;Ates, 1989;Yoshiyama et al, 1996;Augustine and Muller-Parker, 1998; Porat and Chadwick-Furman, 2004).…”

Section: Application Of Multiple Defense Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Masquerade, mimicry and crypsis of the polymorphic sea anemone Phyllodiscus semoni and its aggregations in South Sulawesi

Hoeksema

Crowther

2011

CTOZ

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Phyllodiscus semoni is a morphologically variable sea anemone species from the Indo-Pacific with morphotypes ranging from upright and branched to low-lying and rounded. The apparent camouflage strategies of this sea anemone allow it to resemble other species or objects in its environment, such as stony corals, soft corals, seaweeds, or rocky boulders covered by algae, which may help it to avoid recognition by potential predators. Occasionally, it occurs in aggregations that may result from asexual reproduction. A high level of intraspecific morphological variation, including co-occurring aggregations of three different morphotypes, was observed in the Spermonde Archipelago off Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The co-occurrence of aggregations with different morphotypes suggests that Phyllodiscus is a highly polymorphic monospecific genus. Sea anemones of this genus are not frequently encountered at other localities and the number of morphotypes seems large. Therefore, it is unlikely that we are dealing with more than one species that are all concentrated in a single area. Phyllodiscus sea anemones are considered dangerous to humans because their nematocysts contain highly toxic venoms that may inflict harmful stings. Therefore they are the subject of recent toxicological studies. The present paper aims to assist in the recognition of these highly variable hazardous animals and to discuss the appearance of their aggregations.

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Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Acquisition and use of nematocysts by cnidarian predators

Acquisition and use of nematocysts by cnidarian predators

Jellyfish Blooms IV

Masquerade, mimicry and crypsis of the polymorphic sea anemone Phyllodiscus semoni and its aggregations in South Sulawesi

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