Predation on Cercopids and Material Use of the Spittle in Aphid‐Tent Construction by Prairie ANTS

Henderson, Gregg; Hoffman, George D.; Jeanne, Robert L.

doi:10.1155/1990/28269

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Predation seems not to be an important source of mortality (Whittaker 1973). Birds, frogs, Arachnids Phalangiidae, Hymenoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera Carabidae, prey P. spumarius (Phillipson 1960;Halkka et al 1976;Harper and Whittaker 1976;Henderson et al 1990). Westwood in 1840 (cited by Weaver and King 1954), and more recently Pagliano and Alma (1997), observed Argogorytes mystaceus L. (1761) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae) (Gorytes mystaceus in Westwood 1840) dragging P. spumarius nymphs from their spittle masses.…”

Section: Control: Integrated Pest Management and Sustainable Control mentioning

confidence: 99%

Philaenus spumarius: when an old acquaintance becomes a new threat to European agriculture

2018

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The unique color pattern polymorphism and the foamy nymphal case of the meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius have attracted the attention of scientists for centuries. Nevertheless, since this species has never been considered a major threat to agriculture, biological, ecological and ethological data are missing and rather scattered. To date this knowledge has become of paramount importance, in view of the discovery of P. spumarius main role in the transmission of the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa in Italy, and possibly in other European countries. The aim of this review is to provide a state of the art about this species, with particular focus on those elements that could help developing environmental friendly and sustainable control programs to prevent transmission of X. fastidiosa. Moreover, recent findings on the role of the meadow spittlebug as vector of the fastidious bacterium within the first reported European bacterium outbreak in Apulia (South Italy) will be discussed.

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Section: Control: Integrated Pest Management and Sustainable Control mentioning

confidence: 99%

Philaenus spumarius: when an old acquaintance becomes a new threat to European agriculture

2018

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“…Just as other spittlebugs, during the nymphal period, they present the habit of producing copious spittle masses to cover themselves inside through continuously sucking the liquid and nutrients contained in xylem tissue, which may cause serious economic damage to host plants [21, 22]. In terms of ecological function, spittle mass has traditionally been seen as an effective barrier against predation, parasitism, and desiccation [21, 23]. In addition, the spittle mass functions as a light attenuator, which could reduce potentially damaging solar radiation [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genomes of oriental spittlebug trible Cosmoscartini: insights into the relationships among closely related taxa

et al. 2018

BMC Genomics

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BackgroundCosmoscartini (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea: Cercopidae) is a large and brightly colored Old World tropical tribe, currently containing over 310 phytophagous species (including some economically important pests of eucalyptus in China) in approximately 17 genera. However, very limited information of Cosmoscartini is available except for some scattered taxonomic studies. Even less is known about its phylogenetic relationship, especially among closely related genera or species. In this study, the detailed comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses were performed on nine newly sequenced mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Cosmoscartini, with the purpose of exploring the taxonomic status of the previously defined genus Okiscarta and some closely related species within the genus Cosmoscarta.ResultsMitogenomes of Cosmoscartini display similar genomic characters in terms of gene arrangement, nucleotide composition, codon usage and overlapping regions. However, there are also many differences in intergenic spacers, mismatches of tRNAs, and the control region. Additionally, the secondary structures of rRNAs within Cercopidae are inferred for the first time.Based on comparative genomic (especially for the substitution pattern of tRNA secondary structure) and phylogenetic analyses, the representative species of Okiscarta uchidae possesses similar structures with other Cosmoscarta species and is placed consistently in Cosmoscarta. Although Cosmoscarta bimacula is difficult to be distinguished from Cosmoscarta bispecularis by traditional morphological methods, evidence from mitogenomes highly support the relationships of (C. bimacula + Cosmoscarta rubroscutellata) + (C. bispecularis + Cosmoscarta sp.).ConclusionsThis study presents mitogenomes of nine Cosmoscartini species and represents the first detailed comparative genomic and phylogenetic analyses within Cercopidae. It is indicated that knowledge of mitogenomes can be effectively used to resolve phylogenetic relationships at low taxonomic levels. Sequencing more mitogenomes at various taxonomic levels will also improve our understanding of mitogenomic evolution and phylogeny in Cercopidae.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-018-5365-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In terms of its ecological function, it has long been suggested that spittlebug froth protects the larvae against predators (Henderson et al, 1990) and creates a microclimate that reduces the risks of overheating and drying out (Whittaker, 1970;Dietrich, Correspondence: Ai-Ping Liang, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, P.R. China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of biofoam in shielding spittlebug nymphs (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cercopidae) against bright light

Meyer‐Rochow

Fereres

et al. 2017

Ecological Entomology

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1. Biofoam in spittlebugs has traditionally been seen as a defence against predation and a microclimate that reduces the risks of overheating and drying out. This study addresses the possible role of the foam as a light attenuator.2. Nymphs exhibit higher mortalities when reared under brighter light (1800-2000 lux) than under less bright light (600-800 lux). At all developmental stages, photoavoidance is strongest when the nymphs are depleted of foam covers. Firstand second-instar nymphs appear to be the most vulnerable to exposures by bright light.3. Smaller bubbles are more effective as light attenuators than are larger ones. As younger instars possess smaller canals from which bubbles are released and, furthermore, exhibit higher concentrations of proteins in bubble liquid, they can produce smaller-sized bubbles and their foams are more effective at reducing light than are those of older nymphs.4. The findings of this study show that most of the visible and UV radiation is reflected by the foam: transmittance of visible light was 15% at 600 nm and 12% at 350 nm.5. These results demonstrate that spittlebug foam also possesses properties that render it an effective barrier against potentially damaging solar radiation.

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Predation on Cercopids and Material Use of the Spittle in Aphid‐Tent Construction by Prairie ANTS

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Philaenus spumarius: when an old acquaintance becomes a new threat to European agriculture

Philaenus spumarius: when an old acquaintance becomes a new threat to European agriculture

Comparative analysis of the mitochondrial genomes of oriental spittlebug trible Cosmoscartini: insights into the relationships among closely related taxa

The role of biofoam in shielding spittlebug nymphs (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cercopidae) against bright light

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