Predation and Food as Factors Affecting Survival of Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in a Soybean Ecosystem

Stam, P. A.; Newsom, L. D.; Lambremont, Edward N.

doi:10.1093/ee/16.6.1211

Cited by 46 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…Lack of seed development in these bolls may have inßuenced stink bug preference and injury. Many heteropterans prefer the reproductive parts of plants (ßowers, ovules, ovaries, and ripening seeds) and development of all life stages is signiÞcantly increased when developing or mature seed are present (Stein 1985, Stam et al 1987, Schaefer and Panizzi 2000. In our studies, bolls in age class A were Յ7 d beyond anthesis, which coincided with the enlargement of the seed integument ( Lefßer et al 1976, Cothren 1999.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Cotton Boll Age Influences Feeding Preference by Brown Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Siebert¹,

Leonard²,

Gable³

et al. 2005

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Cotton plants were infested with brown stink bug, Euschistus servus (Say), to define cotton boll age classes (based on heat unit accumulation beyond anthesis) that are most frequently injured during each of the initial 5 wk of flowering. Bolls from each week were grouped into discrete age classes and evaluated for the presence of stink bug injury. Brown stink bug injured significantly more bolls of age class B (approximately 165-336 heat units), age class C (approximately 330-504 heat units), and age class D (approximately 495-672 heat units) during the initial 3 wk in both years and in week 5 in 2002 compared with other boll ages. Generally, the frequency of injured bolls was lowest in age class A (< or = 168 heat units) during these periods. The preference by brown stink bug for boll age classes B, C, and D within a week was similar when ages were combined across all 5 wk. Based on these data, bolls that have accumulated 165.2 through 672 heat units beyond anthesis (approximately 7-27-d-old) are more frequently injured by brown stink bug when a range of boll ages are available. The boll ages in our studies corresponded to a boll diameter of 1.161-3.586 cm with a mid-range of 2.375 cm. A general protocol for initiating treatments against stink bugs is to sample bolls for evidence of injury as an indicator of presence of infestations in cotton. Sampling bolls within a defined range, which is most likely to be injured, should improve the precision of this method in detecting economic stink bug infestations in cotton.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Cotton Boll Age Influences Feeding Preference by Brown Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Siebert¹,

Leonard²,

Gable³

et al. 2005

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“…This corresponded with our results in that lower parasitism was positively correlated with higher predation rates, suggesting that interference between predators and parasitoids in the field may be high. Stam et al (1987) found that fire ants were dominant predators in soybean when the plants were in the vegetative stage, whereas grasshoppers became dominant in the reproductive stage of the plants. Our results in soybeans at the reproductive stage support these results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Parasitoids have proved to be very important in regulating populations of stink bugs in some cases (Kamal 1937;Kiritani and Hokyo 1962;Hokyo and Kiritani 1963;Kiritani 1964;Ehler 2002), but in other cases, they are insufficient regulators of these populations (Yeargan 1985;Stam, Newsom, and Lambremont 1987;Shepard, Elsey, Muckenfuss, and Justo 1994;Jones 1995;Jones, Sullivan, and Shepard 1996). The predominant adult and nymphal parasitoid of N. viridula in North America is Trichopoda pennipes F. (Diptera: Tachinidae) (Buschman and Whitcomb 1980;McPherson, Pitts, Newsom, Chapin, and Herzog 1982).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Predators have also been reported as important stink bug mortality factors (Kiritani and Hokyo 1962;Hokyo and Kiritani 1963;Kiritani 1964;Nishida 1966;Stam et al 1987;Jones 1995;Van den Berg, Bagus, Hassan, Muhammed, and Zega 1995;Ehler 2000Ehler , 2002Jones, Westcott, Finson, and Nishimoto 2001), although their overall impact has not been well defined. Ragsdale, Larson, and Newsom (1981) identified 27 species of insects and spiders that attacked eggs and nymphs of N. viridula in soybean, but the relative contributions of the species were not definitively ascertained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crop-specific mortality of southern green stink bug eggs in Bt- and non-Bt cotton, soybean and peanut

Olson¹,

Ruberson

2012

Biocontrol Science and Technology

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Increasing insecticide use against stink bugs erodes benefits accrued to cotton production in the southeastern USA by eradication of the boll weevil and widespread use of Bt-transgenic cotton. Biological control programs designed to mitigate the impact of these pests would be beneficial; therefore, we sought to identify and assess naturally occurring biological control agents of stink bug eggs in cotton, peanut and soybeans, three important crops and stink bug hosts in the region. Two studies were conducted utilising digital imaging of sentinel egg masses to capture enemies present and sequential imaging over time to characterise the type and amount of damage inflicted on the egg masses. The first study utilised plots of soybean, Bt cotton, non-Bt cotton and peanut. The second study focused on ant predation in cotton by excluding fire ants from half of the plots. Sentinel egg masses of the southern green stink bug were placed in all plots at weekly intervals and were photographed at placement and at intervals over 72 h. Surviving egg masses were collected and held in the laboratory to assess parasitism in the first study. Predation of eggs was high in peanut (74Á86%) and soybean (39Á65%), and lower in Bt (26Á34%) and non-Bt (4Á21%) cotton over the two years. Parasitism was low overall (0.17Á19.0%). Most egg predation in cotton and peanut was attributable to fire ants, whereas long-horned grasshoppers dominated in soybean. Exclusion of fire ants in cotton significantly reduced egg mortality, indicating their predominance as mortality agents in cotton.

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“…In soybean, S. invicta reduced egg densities (Brown and Goyer 1982) and preyed on larvae (Elvin et al 1983) and pupae (Lee et al 1990) of velvetbean caterpillar, and it is an important predator of southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Ragsdale et al 1981, Krispyn and Todd 1982, Stam et al 1987. In cowpea, S. invicta reduced egg densities of Leptoglossus phyllopus (L.) (Abudulai et al 2001) and preyed on pupae of cowpea curculio, Chalcodermus aeneus Boheman (Russell 1981).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Red Imported Fire Ant on Cotton Aphid Population Density and Predation of Bollworm and Beet Armyworm Eggs

Diaz

Knutson

2004

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The effects of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), on cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover, populations and its predation of bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner), (both Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) eggs were evaluated in cotton under field conditions during 2001 and 2002 in central and northern Texas. In central Texas, cotton aphid populations were approximately 5.5 times greater and predation of sentinel bollworm eggs 2 times greater in the presence of S. invicta versus in its absence, although aphid populations did not reach economic levels. Most predation of beet armyworm egg masses, measured via direct nocturnal observations, was due to S. invicta (68%) and cotton fleahopper, Pseudatomoscelis seriatus (Reuter) (21%), where S. invicta was present, and by the mite Abrolophus sp. (52%), spiders (13%), and minute pirate bug (Orius sp.) (13%) where S. invicta was absent. Predation of sentinel bollworm eggs and beet armyworm egg masses was approximately 1.5 and 4.1 times greater, respectively, in the presence of S. invicta versus in their absence. In the presence of S. invicta, the relative frequencies of minute pirate bug and cotton fleahopper were higher, and of S. invicta and native ants lower in beat bucket samples compared with their relative frequencies in nocturnal observations of predation upon beet armyworm egg masses. In the absence of S. invicta seven of eight predators sampled were similarly represented in beat bucket samples and nocturnal observations of beet armyworm egg mass predation, whereas minute pirate bug occurred at a higher frequency in beat bucket samples relative to nocturnal observations. These observations suggested that the relative frequencies of minute pirate bug, cotton fleahopper, S. invicta and native ants in beat bucket samples do not closely reflect the frequency with which these predators prey on noctuid eggs. Overall, the results of this study show that although S. invicta may promote aphid populations early in the growing season, it is an important predator of bollworm and beet armyworm eggs later in the season.

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Predation and Food as Factors Affecting Survival of Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in a Soybean Ecosystem

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Cotton Boll Age Influences Feeding Preference by Brown Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Cotton Boll Age Influences Feeding Preference by Brown Stink Bug (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)

Crop-specific mortality of southern green stink bug eggs in Bt- and non-Bt cotton, soybean and peanut

Effect of the Red Imported Fire Ant on Cotton Aphid Population Density and Predation of Bollworm and Beet Armyworm Eggs

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