Precursors to Interstellar Shocks of Solar Origin

Gurnett, D. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Stone, E. C.; Cummings, A. C.; Krimigis, S. M.; Decker, R. B.; Ness, N. F.; Burlaga, L. F.

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/809/2/121

Cited by 77 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In particular, large changes in VN 2 can act on the heliopause and produce pressure pulses or weak shocks. Therefore, Richardson et al (2017) calculated VN 2 observed by V2 at times corresponding to shocks and the plasma waves observed by V1 in the LISM (Gurnett et al 2013(Gurnett et al , 2015. A large momentum flux associated with the GMIR observed by V2 during 2012 ) did produce the plasma wave and a shock or pressure wave observed by V1.…”

Section: Cr-b Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 95%

Transition from the Unipolar Region to the Sector Zone: Voyager 2, 2013 and 2014

Burlaga

Ness

Richardson

2017

ApJ

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We discuss magnetic field and plasma observations of the heliosheath made by Voyager 2 (V2) during 2013 and 2014 near solar maximum. A transition from a unipolar region to a sector zone was observed in the azimuthal angle λ between ∼2012.45 and 2013.82. The distribution of λ was strongly singly peaked at 270 in the unipolar region and double peaked in the sector zone. The δ-distribution was strongly peaked in the unipolar region and very broad in the sector zone. The distribution of daily averages of the magnetic field strength B was Gaussian in the unipolar region and lognormal in the sector zone. The correlation function of B was exponential with an e-folding time of ∼5 days in both regions. The distribution of hourly increments of B was a Tsallis distribution with nonextensivity parameter q=1.7±0.04 in the unipolar region and q=1.44±0.12 in the sector zone. The CR-B relationship qualitatively describes the 2013 observations, but not the 2014 observations. A 40 km s −1 increase in the bulk speed associated with an increase in B near 2013.5 might have been produced by the merging of streams. A "D sheet" (a broad depression in B containing a current sheet moved past V2 from days 320 to 345, 2013. The Rand N-components of the plasma velocity changed across the current sheet.

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Section: Cr-b Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 95%

Transition from the Unipolar Region to the Sector Zone: Voyager 2, 2013 and 2014

Burlaga

Ness

Richardson

2017

ApJ

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“…The thick lines in Figure 4 show the times of the plasma wave events (Gurnett et al 2015). These waves are thought to be driven by electron beams that move ahead of shocks (Gurnett et al 2013).…”

Section: V2 Mirs and V1 Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…V1 has observed four plasma wave events associated with radio emissions (Gurnett et al 2015). In three of these cases the waves are associated with shocks in the LISM, two forward shocks and one reverse shock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pressure Pulses at Voyager 2: Drivers of Interstellar Transients?

Richardson

Wang

Liu

et al. 2017

ApJ

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Voyager 1 (V1) crossed the heliopause into the local interstellar medium (LISM) in 2012. The LISM is a dynamic region periodically disturbed by solar transients with outward-propagating shocks, cosmic-ray intensity changes and anisotropies, and plasma wave oscillations. Voyager 2 (V2) trails V1 and thus may observe the solar transients that are later observed at V1. V2 crossed the termination shock in 2007 and is now in the heliosheath. Starting in 2012, when solar maximum conditions reached V2, five possible merged interaction regions (MIRs) have been observed by V2 in the heliosheath. The timing is consistent with these MIRs driving the transients observed by V1 in the LISM. The largest heliosheath MIR was observed by V2 in late 2015 and should reach V1 in 2018.

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“…Compelling evidence that V1 was in the LISM during the interval shown in Figure 11 was published by Gurnett et al [2015] based on observations from the plasma wave experiment on V1. These observations are shown in Figure 9, which shows three episodes plasma observations as a function of time.…”

Section: Observations In the Lismmentioning

confidence: 91%

Voyager observations of the magnetic field in the heliosheath and the local interstellar medium

Burlaga

2015

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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Abstract. This paper reviews observations of the magnetic field B in the heliosheath by Voyager 1 (V1) and Voyager 2 (V2) and the recent observations of the LISM by V1. The heliosheath is the region between the termination shock (TS) and the heliopause (HP). The TS was identified by both V1 and V2, and the internal structure of the TS was determined by V2. The radial distance of the TS was 94 AU at V1 and 84 AU at V2, suggesting a global asymmetry of the heliosphere. The average direction of B in the heliosheath is that of the Parker spiral magnetic field, and non-periodic magnetic sectors were observed by V1 and V2. The heliosheath is disturbed and turbulent, particularly just behind the TS, and it is described by the multifractal spectrum, the q-correlation function and the q-Gaussian distribution. The multifractal spectrum in the heliosheath also varies with the solar cycle. Voyager 1 has been in the LISM since at least August 25, 2012, but the nature of the HP and the time of the HP crossing not been determined. The magnetic field direction is close to, but distinguishable from the Parker spiral magnetic field, and its departure from the Parker spiral magnetic field is slowly increasing with distance from the sun. A large pressure pulse and two shocks or pressure waves have been identified in the LISM, presumably generated inside the heliosphere and transmitted through the heliosheath and heliopause. The interstellar magnetic field lines are draped across the heliopause, and B is approximately 0.5 nT . The fluctuations of B are very small but turbulent on scales 1 day to 468 days, with a Kolmogorov spectrum and an injection scale of approximately 10 pc. IntroductionThis paper discusses the magnetic field observations of the heliosheath observed by Voyager 1 (V1) and Voyager 2 (V2) and the recent observations of the interstellar magnetic fields originating in the local interstellar medium (LISM). Earlier reviews of the heliosheath and its interaction with the LISM were published by Seuss [1990], Axford [1990] and Zank [1999]. A recent comprehensive discussion of this topic is given by Zank [2015].Voyager 1 is currently observing interstellar magnetic fields that are disturbed by the interaction between the heliosphere and the LISM in a region that may extend tens of AU beyond the current position of V1. Although the term LISM is used in many of the papers discussing observations and corresponding theories of the interstellar magnetic fields observed by V1, it is becoming

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Precursors to Interstellar Shocks of Solar Origin

Cited by 77 publications

References 33 publications

Transition from the Unipolar Region to the Sector Zone: Voyager 2, 2013 and 2014

Transition from the Unipolar Region to the Sector Zone: Voyager 2, 2013 and 2014

Pressure Pulses at Voyager 2: Drivers of Interstellar Transients?

Voyager observations of the magnetic field in the heliosheath and the local interstellar medium

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