Precursor lesions of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma – histology and biomarkers: A systematic review

Dasgupta, Shatavisha; Ewing‐Graham, Patricia C.; Swagemakers, Sigrid; Spek, Peter J. van der; Doorn, Helena C. van; Hegt, Vincent Noordhoek; Koljenović, Senada; Kemenade, Folkert J. van

doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102866

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…HPV-DNA, most often of HPV16, is detected in over 80% of HSIL cases [6], while the rates of HPV positivity in dVIN and VSCC are considerably lower, i.e. 1.5% and 28.6%, respectively [4,7].…”

Section: Etiology Of Vulvar Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast to HPV-positive vulvar precancers, dVIN often presents an aberrant p53 expression pattern. The majority the cases are reported to overexpress p53 protein [4,6], thus p53 IHC is used in dVIN diagnostics. However, Singh et al [12] revealed that up to 30% of dVIN cases lose p53 protein expression due to nonsense mutations or deletions in the TP53 gene.…”

Section: Etiology Of Vulvar Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Genes, pathways and vulvar carcinoma - New insights from next-generation sequencing studies

Zięba

Chechlińska

Kowalik

et al. 2020

Gynecologic Oncology

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Section: Etiology Of Vulvar Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Etiology Of Vulvar Carcinomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Genes, pathways and vulvar carcinoma - New insights from next-generation sequencing studies

Zięba

Chechlińska

Kowalik

et al. 2020

Gynecologic Oncology

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“…Almost 60% of patients are diagnosed at an early stage, without evidence of local lymph node metastasis and infiltration of the surrounding tissue [92,93]. This malignancy often affects older women, between 60-75 years, and around 90% of all vulvar cancers are vulvar squamous cell carcinomas (VSCC) [94][95][96][97][98]. The incidence of vulvar cancers ranges from 0.6-1.0 cases per 100,000 women and has increased profoundly since the 1970s [99,100].…”

Section: Epidemiology and The Prevalence Of Vulvar Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other diagnostic immunohistochemical markers have also been evaluated for both types of VIN. The molecular characterisation of VIN has been attempted in a few recent studies, and novel genotypic subtypes of HPV-independent VSCC and VIN have been identified [98].…”

Section: Precursors and Classification Of The Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAP) as a New Tool for the Management of Vulva Cancer and Vulvar Premalignant Lesions in Gynaecological Oncology

Žúbor

Wang

Líšková

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Vulvar cancer (VC) is a specific form of malignancy accounting for 5–6% of all gynaecologic malignancies. Although VC occurs most commonly in women after 60 years of age, disease incidence has risen progressively in premenopausal women in recent decades. VC demonstrates particular features requiring well-adapted therapeutic approaches to avoid potential treatment-related complications. Significant improvements in disease-free survival and overall survival rates for patients diagnosed with post-stage I disease have been achieved by implementing a combination therapy consisting of radical surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Achieving local control remains challenging. However, mostly due to specific anatomical conditions, the need for comprehensive surgical reconstruction and frequent post-operative healing complications. Novel therapeutic tools better adapted to VC particularities are essential for improving individual outcomes. To this end, cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) treatment is a promising option for VC, and is particularly appropriate for the local treatment of dysplastic lesions, early intraepithelial cancer, and invasive tumours. In addition, CAP also helps reduce inflammatory complications and improve wound healing. The application of CAP may realise either directly or indirectly utilising nanoparticle technologies. CAP has demonstrated remarkable treatment benefits for several malignant conditions, and has created new medical fields, such as “plasma medicine” and “plasma oncology”. This article highlights the benefits of CAP for the treatment of VC, VC pre-stages, and postsurgical wound complications. There has not yet been a published report of CAP on vulvar cancer cells, and so this review summarises the progress made in gynaecological oncology and in other cancers, and promotes an important, understudied area for future research. The paradigm shift from reactive to predictive, preventive and personalised medical approaches in overall VC management is also considered.

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“…Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) constitutes 90% of all vulvar malignancies, and its incidence has risen over the past decades (1,2). Approximately 25% of VSCCs arise in association with a human papillomavirus (HPV)-infection, via the precursor lesion, high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (3).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear factor IB is downregulated in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC): Unravelling differentially expressed genes in VSCC through gene expression dataset analysis

et al. 2021

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Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) comprises two distinct etiopathological subtypes: i) Human papilloma virus (HPV)-related VSCC, which arises via the precursor high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL); and ii) HPV-independent VSCC, which arises via precursor, differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN), driven by TP53 mutations. However, the mechanism of carcinogenesis of VSCC is poorly understood. The current study aimed to gain insight into VSCC carcinogenesis by identifying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for each VSCC subtype. The expression of certain DEGs was then further assessed by performing immunohistochemistry (IHC) on whole tissue sections of VSCC and its precursors. Statistical analysis of microarrays was performed on two independent gene expression datasets (GSE38228 and a study from Erasmus MC) on VSCC and normal vulva. DEGs were identified that were similarly (up/down) regulated with statistical significance in both datasets. For HPV-related VSCCs, this constituted 88 DEGs, and for HPV-independent VSCCs, this comprised 46 DEGs. IHC was performed on VSCC (n=11), dVIN (n=6), HSIL (n=6) and normal vulvar tissue (n=7) with i) signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1; an upregulated DEGs); ii) nuclear factor IB (NFIB; a downregulated DEG); iii) p16 (to determine the HPV status of tissues); and iv) p53 (to confirm the histological diagnoses). Strong and diffuse NFIB expression was observed in the basal and para-basal layers of normal vulvar tissue, whereas NFIB expression was minimal or completely negative in dVIN and in both subtypes of VSCC. In contrast, no discernable difference was observed in STAT1 expression among normal vulvar tissue, dVIN, HSIL or VSCC. By leveraging bioinformatics, the current study identified DEGs that can facilitate research into VSCC carcinogenesis. The results suggested that NFIB is downregulated in VSCC and its relevance as a diagnostic/prognostic biomarker deserves further exploration.

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Precursor lesions of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma – histology and biomarkers: A systematic review

Cited by 34 publications

References 96 publications

Genes, pathways and vulvar carcinoma - New insights from next-generation sequencing studies

Genes, pathways and vulvar carcinoma - New insights from next-generation sequencing studies

Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma (CAP) as a New Tool for the Management of Vulva Cancer and Vulvar Premalignant Lesions in Gynaecological Oncology

Nuclear factor IB is downregulated in vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC): Unravelling differentially expressed genes in VSCC through gene expression dataset analysis

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