Precursor B cell lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia with novel chromosomal abnormalities: A case report

Abstract

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder. It is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome, t(9;22)(q34.1;q11.2), which carries the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have markedly changed the treatment approach of CML and have become the first-line agents for almost all CML patients. However, certain patients experience resistance to these medications, which occurs through several mechanisms, including the accumulation of TKI-resistant chromosomal abnormalities. The present study reports a case of a 27-year-old Saudi male with CML receiving TKI treatment, who presented with precursor B-cell lymphoblastic crisis demonstrating the presence of the novel combined chromosomal abnormalities; non-Ph der(22), i(9) and der(20), carrying the BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. This case report adds to the literature on novel TKI-resistance-conferring chromosomal abnormalities and links them to precursor B-cell lymphoblastic crisis.