Preconditioning by aerobic exercise reduces acute ischemic renal injury in rats

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) can be defined as the sudden loss of renal function associated with structural changes in the kidneys. Currently, 13.3 million people die of AKI around the world. Normally aerobic exercise is used both as/for the treatment and prevention of high blood pressure, metabolic disease and Diabetes mellitus (DM). Nevertheless, exercise preconditioning must be a crucial resource in the prevention and mitigation of AKI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the exercise preconditioning on renal IR (ischemic/reperfusion) experimental model. Male Wistars rats were divided into three groups ( n = 9): sham (S), ischemic/reperfusion (IR), exercise + ischemic/reperfusion (EX + IR). IR renal injury was induced by clamping the bilateral renal artery for 45 min. The rats were subjected to exercise 5 days a week for 4 weeks with progressive intensity and duration. The group treated with exercise preconditioning, showed additional improvements in various parameters, including serum creatinine, proteinuria, and decrease of the severity of the tubular injury and activated caspase‐3 levels ( P < 0.05). The previous aerobic exercise‐induced renoprotection in the IR injury. We anticipate that the practice of physical exercise in healthy individuals can also be useful for the prevention and attenuation of AKI.

Exercise as a therapeutic option for acute kidney injury: mechanisms and considerations for the design of future clinical studies

“…These biomarker data were corroborated by histological observations, where reduced severity of tubular injury [23] and reduced lymphonuclear infiltrates [24] were seen, indicating more advanced renal recovery in the exercise groups. The key mechanisms of exercise induced renal protection highlighted were autophagy [23] and anti-oxidative stress [24]. As mentioned, autophagy plays a key role in cellular homeostasis and is responsible for the degradation and reprocessing of intracellular components to either result in cell death or survival [56,57].…”

“…More therapeutic options to improve renal recovery after AKI are required [58]. Exercise has been effective in achieving this in animal studies [23][24][25][26][27][28][29] through its anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-oxidative effects as well as through autophagy upregulation. At present, the promising results from animal studies have not been replicated in clinical trials.…”

“…1 with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative processes being the most common. The data from animal studies demonstrating the renal protective effects of exercise in both the evolution and recovery of AKI [23][24][25][26][27][28][29], highlight the need for clinical trials in this area.…”

“…The need for therapeutic agents to ameliorate renal recovery following AKI in order to reduce the risk of progression to CKD has been highlighted previously [58]. The mechanisms by which exercise could achieve this have been identified in animal studies [23][24][25][26][27][28][29]. It is yet to be determined whether the evidence shown in animal studies will also be seen in humans.…”

Physical Exercise Exacerbates Acute Kidney Injury Induced by LPS via Toll-Like Receptor 4

“…In the context of AKI, physical exercise has been shown as a tool to improve clinical parameters ( Miyagi et al, 2014 ; Estrela et al, 2017 ). In 2019, de Lima et al (2019) showed that preconditioning by aerobic exercises reduces acute ischemic renal injury in rats. In another study, physical exercise has been shown to be able not only to decrease some kidney injury markers but also to diminish cisplatin-induced AKI ( Estrela et al, 2017 ).…”