Preconception endurance training with voluntary exercise during pregnancy positively influences on remodeling markers in female offspring bone

Gaeini, Abbas Ali; Neek, Leila Shafiei; Choobineh, Siroos; Eslaminejad, Mohamadreza Baghaban; Satarifard, Sadegh; Sayahpour, Forough Azam; Mousavi, Seyedeh Neda

doi:10.3109/14767058.2016.1140140

Cited by 34 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The treadmill speed reached 55 m/min in the last week of training (21). Twenty mg of heart tissue were crushed by scalper and transferred to a microtube (22). RNA was extracted from the heart tissue using the RNeasy Protect Mini Kit (QIAGEN) according to the manufacturer's instructions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bcl-2 and Bax Expression in the Heart of Diabetic Rats after Four Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training

et al. 2019

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Background and Objectives: Diabetes is one of the most common diseases and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that regular exercise can affect apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training on the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax as important apoptosis factors in diabetic rats. Methods: After inducing diabetes in 20 male Wistar rats (weighing 250 ± 1.15 g), the rats were randomly divided into a control group and a training group. The training group performed high-intensity interval training five days a week for four weeks, and the control group did not perform any training. After the intervention, RNA was extracted and TCF mRNA was subjected to real time RT-PCR for measuring Bax and Bcl-2 expression in the heart tissue of diabetic rats. Data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics V22 using independent t-test. P-values less than 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Results: The expression of Bcl-2 increased significantly and the expression of Bax decreased significantly after the four-week training intervention. Conclusion: The high-intensity interval training can have beneficial effects on the expression of apoptotic genes in rats with type 2 diabetes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Bcl-2 and Bax Expression in the Heart of Diabetic Rats after Four Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training

et al. 2019

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“…There is increasing evidence that preconception exposure to environmental stimuli influences the germ cells and, therefore may influence the offspring health (19, 48). For example, as part of the Longitudinal Investigation of Fertility and the Environment (LIFE) study, Robledo et al (47) reported that maternal and paternal preconception exposure to persistent organic pollutants resulted in significant birth size differences in the offspring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an epidemiological study, Zhu et al (60) found an association between maternal preconception exposure to air pollution exposure and increased odds of cleft palate in the offspring. The studies that have examined the effect of maternal exercise on the offspring have focused on bone composition (19, 48) and neurodevelopmental (12, 31). In a rodent model, Gaeini and colleagues (19) examined the effect of maternal endurance training prior to conception, during pregnancy, or a combination of both on markers of offspring bone formation and resorbtion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies that have examined the effect of maternal exercise on the offspring have focused on bone composition (19, 48) and neurodevelopmental (12, 31). In a rodent model, Gaeini and colleagues (19) examined the effect of maternal endurance training prior to conception, during pregnancy, or a combination of both on markers of offspring bone formation and resorbtion. The investigators reported that the preconception exercise period was critical to the changes observed in the regulators of bone formation and resorbtion rather than exercise during pregnancy only, or the combination of exercise prior to conception and during pregnancy (19).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Aerobic Exercise Preconception and During Pregnancy Enhances Oxidative Capacity in the Hindlimb Muscles of Mice Offspring

Liu

Lee

Feng

et al. 2018

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Liu, J, Lee, I, Feng, H-Z, Galen, SS, Hüttemann, PP, Perkins, GA, Jin, J-P, Hüttemann, M, and Malek, MH. Aerobic exercise preconception and during pregnancy enhances oxidative capacity in the hindlimb muscles of mice offspring. J Strength Cond Res 32(5): 1391-1403, 2018-Little is known about the effect of maternal exercise on offspring skeletal muscle health. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to determine whether maternal exercise (preconception and during pregnancy) alters offspring skeletal muscle capillarity and mitochondrial biogenesis. We hypothesized that offspring from exercised dams would have higher capillarity and mitochondrial density in the hindlimb muscles compared with offspring from sedentary dams. Female mice in the exercise condition had access to a running wheel in their individual cage 30 days before mating and throughout pregnancy, whereas the sedentary group did not have access to the running wheel before mating and during pregnancy. Male offspring from both groups were killed when they were 2 months old, and their tissues were analyzed. The results indicated no significant (p > 0.05) mean differences for capillarity density, capillarity-to-fiber ratio, or regulators of angiogenesis such as VEGF-A and TSP-1. Compared with offspring from sedentary dams, however, offspring from exercised dams had an increase in protein expression of myosin heavy chain type I (MHC I) (∼134%; p = 0.009), but no change in MHC II. For mitochondrial morphology, we found significant (all p-values ≤ 0.0124) increases in mitochondrial volume density (∼55%) and length (∼18%) as well as mitochondria per unit area (∼19%). For mitochondrial enzymes, there were also significant (all p-values ≤ 0.0058) increases in basal citrate synthase (∼79%) and cytochrome c oxidase activity (∼67%) in the nonoxidative muscle fibers as well as increases in basal (ATP) (∼52%). Last, there were also significant mean differences in protein expression for regulators (FIS1, Lon protease, and TFAM) of mitochondrial biogenesis. These findings suggest that maternal exercise before and during pregnancy enhances offspring skeletal muscle mitochondria functionality, but not capillarity.

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“…Alter bone and adiposity in a gender-specific way [39]. The positive effects of preconceptual training comparing groups of female mice with or without voluntary Ex in running wheels were revealed in significant changes of bone gene expressions, in particular towards osteogenic remodelling markers [40].…”

Section: Effect Of Exercise During Pregnancy In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnancy, Exercise and Late Effects in the Offspring until Adult Age

Pařízková¹

2017

SOJGOW

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Maternal exercise during pregnancy as one of the critical periods can have significant delayed effect in the offsprring's fetal imprinting of future development until adult age; adequate and voluntary exercise is provided, not a forced one as a stress. Spontaneous physical activity of the offspring until adult age can be increased, and body composition, cardiac micro structure and reactibility (greater resistance to noxi), vasomotor function, glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity along with related diseases (diabetes) can be positively influenced. Bone development and also the enhancement of brain function and learning sensitivity can be improved as revealed in a number of experimental model animal studies. Exercise during pregnancy was also shown to compensate in the offspring the detrimental effect of inadequate, e.g. high fat diets. Possibility of introducing significant modifications of the programming of the offspring's desirable development and health status by adequate and physiological maternal exercise during pregnancy was supported also by some observations in humans. Keywords IntroductionThe level of physical activity (PA) and exercise (Ex) is an important environmental stimulus which has significant effect on a number of metabolic, humoral, functional, morphological, psychological and other characteristics of the organism which can manifest not only at present, but also as delayed consequences when implemented since the very beginning of life. Such effects depend on the character, intensity, frequency, duration of PA régimes and/or Ex, and the reaction and consequences can be also further modified by eventual adaptation to them when applied gradually and repeatedly during appropriate periods of time. Increased physical fitness, reduced adiposity along with reduced metabolic, musculoskeletal and psychological problems can result from adequate exercise, especially when applied during growth [1,2]. On the other hand, sudden forced implementation of increased Ex can become a stress with undesirable results as revealed e.g. in experimental models [3,4,5].Previous studies on the impact of Ex which modifies significantly energy balance and turnover showed also that the earlier such a stimulus is implemented and the longer it lasts, the more apparent are its manifestations; the adequacy of such a stimulus is essential, and should always have a character as related to the level of development of the organism when Ex is started to be implemented. Moreover, this effect can appear and has a special character when applied through the régime of PA of the pregnant mother [3][4][5][6].Fetal origin hypothesis of morbidity [4,5,7,8,9] and metabolic imprinting by prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors [6][7][8][9][10] concern also PA and Ex. Their impact can be transferred during pregnancy on the fetus due to physical activity régimes and reactive changes to them of the pregnant mother, and could manifest significantly in the offspring during its own postnatal period up to the adult age. The effect of PA ...

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Preconception endurance training with voluntary exercise during pregnancy positively influences on remodeling markers in female offspring bone

Abstract: Improved physical fitness in preconception period results in significant changes in bone gene expressions of female offspring, in particular towards osteogenic responses with improved RANKL/OPG ratio.

Cited by 34 publications

References 29 publications

Evaluation of Bcl-2 and Bax Expression in the Heart of Diabetic Rats after Four Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training

Evaluation of Bcl-2 and Bax Expression in the Heart of Diabetic Rats after Four Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training

Aerobic Exercise Preconception and During Pregnancy Enhances Oxidative Capacity in the Hindlimb Muscles of Mice Offspring

Pregnancy, Exercise and Late Effects in the Offspring until Adult Age

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