Preconcentration and matrix elimination for the determination of Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Co(II)by 8‐hydroxyquinoline anchored poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) microbeads

Abstract

Poly(styrene-divinylbenzene), PS-DVB, microbeads were modified with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) following nitration, reduction of À ÀNO 2 to NH 2 , and conversion of NH 2 to diazonium salt. Characterization of pristine, À ÀNO 2 , À ÀNH 2 , À ÀNBN 1 Cl 2 , and 8-QH functional groups modified microbeads was made by Fourier transform-infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and porosimetry. Total reflectron-X-ray florescence spectrometer (TXRF) was used to test the affinity of the 8-HQ modified microbeads to toxic metal ions. 8-HQ-modified microbeads were used to examine the adsorption capacity, recovery, preconcentration, and the matrix elimination efficiency for Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), and Co(II) ions as a function of changing pH, initial metal-ion concentrations, and also equilibrium adsorption time of the studied metal ions. Preconcentration factors for the studied toxic metal ions were found to be more than 500-fold and recovery between 93.8% and 100.6%. Ultratrace toxic metal-ion concentrations in sea water were determined easily by using modified microbeads. Reference seawater sample was used for the validation of the method, and it was found that recovery, preconcentration, and the matrix elimination were performed perfectly. For the desorption of the toxic metal ions, 3M of HNO 3 was used and desorption ratio shown to be more than 96%.

Multi-element coprecipitation for separation and enrichment of heavy metal ions for their flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations

“…Due to lower analyte levels than the quantitation limits of instrumental techniques and interference effects of highly saline samples, separation and preconcentration techniques are used prior to determination step of the heavy metals ions [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Preconcentration-separation methods including solid phase extraction [11][12][13], cloud point extraction [14,15], membrane filtration [16,17], liquid-liquid extraction [18,19], electrochemical deposition [20,21], etc. have been widely used for the preconcentration-separation of heavy metal ions.…”

Coprecipitation of Ni2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ for preconcentration in environmental samples prior to flame atomic absorption spectrometric determinations

“…The preconcentration factor found for this work is superior to some coprecipitation methods and other preconcentration techniques [29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. The detection limits of analytes are superior to those of preconcentration techniques [29][30][31][32][33][35][36][37][38][39][40]. The method is relatively rapid as compared with previously reported procedures for the enrichment of analyte ions ( Table 5).…”

Synthesis of amberlite XAD-2-ANSA resin for separation, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of trace elements in food samples

“…According to literature researches [36][37][38], 15 g of Amberlite XAD-2 resin were treated with a mixture consisting of 75mL conc. H 2 SO 4 acid and 30 mL of conc.…”