Preclosure povidone‐iodine lavage in total hip replacement surgery: Infection outcomes and cost–benefit analysis

Abstract

Objective: To report the outcomes and cost-benefit analysis of preclosure povidone-iodine lavage (PrePIL) used to reduce the risk of infection following total hip replacement (THR) surgery.Study design: Retrospective study. Animals: One thousand six hundred ninety-nine dogs, 17 cats. Methods:The medical records of 2213 consecutive THR cases were reviewed to determine the incidence of infection. The last 102 were treated with PrePIL using a commercially sourced 0.035% povidone-iodine solution. Postoperative infection rates were compared. A cost-benefit analysis was used to calculate if a PrePIL protocol is economically feasible.Results: Twenty-one THRs out of 2111 (0.99%) that did not have PrePIL developed infection. Infection occurred in none of the 102 PrePIL cases. Cost analysis revealed a PrePIL break-even cost at $49.74 and a break-even infection rate of 0.949%. No complications were identified related to the use of PrePIL. Conclusion: Preclosure povidone-iodine lavage appeared to be efficacious in lowering THR infection rates, and it appeared to be safe for this use based on our 102 consecutive cases. The cost of the PrePIL was minimal compared to the overall cost to resolve THR infection and the potential effect on hip function prognosis. The math formulas developed can be used by surgeons to calculate cost effectiveness and break-even cost based on their THR infection rate, and to compare to the cost of a THR revision and infection resolution. Clinical significance: At current costs, PrePIL can be used in 2415 THR cases at a similar cost of a single revision surgery and resolution of a periprosthetic infection.

Revision Rates and Causes in Total Hip Replacement: A Systematic Review

“…Septic revision had more re-hospitalizations (13.5%) than aseptic revision (8.3%). 8 (Israel et al, 2023) Preclosure povidoneiodine lavage in total hip replacement surgery: Infection outcomes and cost-benefit analysis Pre-treatment povidone-iodine rinses appear to be efficacious in decreasing THR infection rates and safe for this use based on the 102 cases we reviewed. PrePIL costs are minimal compared to addressing THR infection and the potential effect on hip function prognosis.…”

Influence of antiseptic lavage during tibial plateau leveling osteotomies on surgical site infection in 1422 dogs

“…The antiseptic lavage reported in this study did not lower the incidence of SSI. There is a recent report of a povidone‐iodine intraoperative lavage used in total hip arthroplasty that may serve as an additional avenue of investigation for efficacy in lowering SSIs in TPLOs 27 . That lavage may be a more appropriate option for prophylactic therapy, and a study evaluating its efficacy in TPLO cases may present a nonantibiotic solution for reduction in TPLO SSIs.…”

Small animal patient preoperative preparation: a review of common antiseptics, comparison studies, and resistance

“…This recommendation was recently evaluated in total hip arthroplasty in veterinary patients. Postoperative SSI rates were evaluated in arthroplasties performed with or without a pre-closure lavage of 0.035% PI solution and was found to be efficacious in lowering infection rates, safe, and cost effective ( 69 ). Surgical scrub formulations contain detergents for scrubbing ( 55 ).…”