Preclinical Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease

Ingles, Janet L.; Boulton, Denise C.; Fisk, John D.; Rockwood, Kenneth

doi:10.1161/01.str.0000259716.04739.60

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Tests included in these domains involved visuospatial and visuoconstructive abilities, attention, visual and working memory, executive functions, verbal fluency and psychomotor speed. Results are in line with previous studies [7,27,28]. Deficits in these cognitive abilities have also been described among the most characteristic of VCI [3,4].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cognitive Patterns in Relation to Biomarkers of Cerebrovascular Disease and Vascular Risk Factors

Miralbell

López‐Cancio²,

López-Olóriz³

et al. 2013

Cerebrovasc Dis

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Background: Risk factors for vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) are the same as traditional risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (CVD). Early identification of subjects at higher risk of VCI is important for the development of effective preventive strategies. In addition to traditional vascular risk factors (VRF), circulating biomarkers have emerged as potential tools for early diagnoses, as they could provide in vivo measures of the underlying pathophysiology. While VRF have been consistently linked to a VCI profile (i.e., deficits in executive functions and processing speed), the cognitive correlates of CVD biomarkers remain unclear. In this population-based study, the aim was to study and compare cognitive patterns in relation to VRF and circulating biomarkers of CVD. Methods: TheBarcelona-AsIA Neuropsychology Study included 747 subjects older than 50, without a prior history of stroke or coronary disease and with a moderate to high vascular risk (mean age, 66 years; 34.1% women). Three cognitive domains were derived from factoral analysis: visuospatial skills/speed, verbal memory and verbal fluency. Multiple linear regression was used to assess relationships between cognitive performance (multiple domains) and a panel of circulating biomarkers, including indicators of inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP) and resistin, endothelial dysfunction, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), thrombosis, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), as well as traditional VRF, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index). Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, years of education and depressive symptoms. Results: Traditional VRF were related to lower performance in verbal fluency, insulin resistance accounted for lower performance in visuospatial skills/speed and the metabolic syndrome predicted lower performance in both cognitive domains. From the biomarkers of CVD, CRP was negatively related to verbal fluency performance and increasing ADMA levels were associated with lower performance in verbal memory. Resistin and PAI-1 did not relate to cognitive function performance. Conclusion: Vascular risk factors, and markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction predicted lower performance in several cognitive domains. Specifically, cognitive functions associated with CRP are typically affected in VCI and overlap those related to VRF. ADMA indicated a dissociation in the cognitive profile involving verbal memory. These findings suggest that inflammation and endothelial dysfunction might play a role in the predementia cognitive impairment stages.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Cognitive Patterns in Relation to Biomarkers of Cerebrovascular Disease and Vascular Risk Factors

Miralbell

López‐Cancio²,

López-Olóriz³

et al. 2013

Cerebrovasc Dis

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“…Cohorts were either population based (primary care) (n = 8) [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18], hospital based (general secondary care) (n = 7) [19,20,21,22,23,24,25], specialist centres (tertiary care based, referred by a specialist clinic, e.g., memory, cardiovascular hospital clinic) (n = 14) [26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38] or mixed research centre and hospital based (n = 1) [39]. Many studies only included individuals above a certain age (e.g., ≥45 years [39], ≥65 years [11,12,13,14,15,16,18,34] or ≥75 years [17,20,25]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of the Definitions of Vascular Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia in Cohort Studies

Harrison¹,

Tang²,

Keage³

et al. 2016

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: No set operational criteria for vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia (VCI-ND) have yet been established. The aim of this study is to undertake a systematic review to compare definitions of VCI-ND that have been used in cohort studies. Methods: Medline, PsycINFO and Embase were searched from inception to October 13, 2015. Initially, 3,142 records were screened, and 30 were included in this review. Results: No single set of criteria for defining VCI-ND was identified. VCI-NDwas broadly defined as an absence of dementia, cognitive impairment in at least one cognitive domain with signs of vascular involvement, and intact activities of daily living. Conclusion: Defining criteria will enable individuals with VCI-ND to be efficiently compared across cohort studies to more accurately determine the prevalence and risk of dementia.

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“…Impairment in abstract thinking has distinguished VaMCI from NC in one study 12 . In addition, the Wechsler Adult Intelligence ScaleRevised (WAIS-R) similarities subtest, which evaluates abstract thinking, was selectively low in initial VCI patients compared to incident AD patients, in a large prospective study 23 . The present data showed a trend for significant differences in abstract reasoning between VaMCI and NC, which might provide evidence of the importance of extension of WMH on this cognitive function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter hyperintensities, executive function and global cognitive performance in vascular mild cognitive impairment

Sudo

Alves

et al. 2013

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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Vascular mild cognitive impairment (VaMCI) represents an early symptomatic stage of vascular cognitive impairment and might be associated to fronto-executive dysfunction.MethodsTwenty-six individuals (age: 73.11±7.90 years; 65.4% female; schooling: 9.84±3.61 years) were selected through neuropsychological assessment and neuroimaging. Clinical and neuroimaging data of VaMCI individuals (n=15) were compared to normal controls (NC, n=11) and correlated with Fazekas scale.ResultsVaMCI performed significantly worse than NC in Trail-Making Test (TMT) B, errors in TMT B, difference TMT B-A and Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CAMCOG) final scores. Correlations were found among scores in modified Fazekas scale and performances in TMT B (time to complete and errors), difference TMT B-A and CAMCOG total score.ConclusionExtension of white matter hyperintensities might be correlated to poorer global cognition and impairments in a set of fronto-executive functions, such as cognitive speed, set shifting and inhibitory control in VaMCI.

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Preclinical Vascular Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease

Cited by 39 publications

References 38 publications

Cognitive Patterns in Relation to Biomarkers of Cerebrovascular Disease and Vascular Risk Factors

Cognitive Patterns in Relation to Biomarkers of Cerebrovascular Disease and Vascular Risk Factors

A Systematic Review of the Definitions of Vascular Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia in Cohort Studies

White matter hyperintensities, executive function and global cognitive performance in vascular mild cognitive impairment

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