Preclinical toxicological evaluations of the sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke), the Tiger Milk mushroom

Lee, Sook Shien; Enchang, Francis Kanyan; Tan, Nget Hong; Fung, Shin Yee; Pailoor, Jayalakshmi

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.027

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The parameters for hematological examination encompass red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, monocyte count, eosinophil count, basophil count and atypical lymphocyte count. Biochemical tests include glucose, urea, creatinine, calcium, inorganic phosphate, uric acid, sodium, potassium, chloride, total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, total bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT or AST), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT or ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GTT) ( Lee et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Evaluation of Sclerotium from a Medicinal Mushroom, Lignosus cameronensis (Cultivar): Preclinical Toxicology Studies

et al. 2017

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Twenty-eight days subacute toxicity studies performed in rats using sclerotial powder of Lignosus cameronensis cultivar was conducted to assess its safety for consumption prior to other scientific investigations on its medicinal benefits, nutraceutical or pharmaceutical application of the mushroom. The study was conducted at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg sclerotial powder of L. cameronensis cultivar (n = 5 for each respective dose, on both male and female groups) while control groups received only distilled water. At the end of the study (29th day), the animals were sacrificed followed by blood and organs collection for analysis. Subacute toxicity studies done shows that sclerotial powder of L. cameronensis cultivar at 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg did not induce treatment related changes on behavioral patterns, gross physical appearance, growth pattern, body weight gain, values of hematological and clinical biochemical panels as well as histopathological findings on kidney, spleen, heart, lung and liver of the experimental rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect level dose for sclerotial powder of L. cameronensis cultivar in 28-days sub-acute toxicity study is determined to be 1000 mg/kg.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Evaluation of Sclerotium from a Medicinal Mushroom, Lignosus cameronensis (Cultivar): Preclinical Toxicology Studies

et al. 2017

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“…Moreover, the mushroom sclerotial extract was shown to exhibit strong superoxide anion radical scavenging activity comparable to rutin 14 . A 180-day chronic toxicity study of L. rhinocerotis cultivar (termed TM02) sclerotial powder in Sprague Dawley rats indicated that the no-observed-adverse-effect level dose is higher than 1,000 mg/kg; thus establishing its safety for human consumption 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome-based Proteomic Analysis of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden Sclerotium

Yap¹,

Fung²,

Ng³

et al. 2015

Int. J. Med. Sci.

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Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), also known as the tiger milk mushroom, has received much interest in recent years owing to its wide-range ethnobotanical uses and the recent success in its domestication. The sclerotium is the part with medicinal value. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with mass spectrometry analysis, a total of 16 non-redundant, major proteins were identified with high confidence level in L. rhinocerotis sclerotium based on its genome as custom mapping database. Some of these proteins, such as the putative lectins, immunomodulatory proteins, superoxide dismutase, and aegerolysin may have pharmaceutical potential; while others are involved in nutrient mobilization and the protective antioxidant mechanism in the sclerotium. The findings from this study provide a molecular basis for future research on potential pharmacologically active proteins of L. rhinocerotis.

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“…The cytoxicity of the hot aqueous extract was significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the in vitro PC-12 cell model when compared to the crude polysaccharides and ethanolic extract. In a study done by Lee et al (2011, 2013) 35 36 , it was reported that in the in vivo model, no treatment-related chronic toxicity was detected in Sprague Dawley rats after a long term (180 days) oral administration of the L. rhinocerotis sclerotium freeze-dried powder (cultivar TM02) at daily dosage up to 1,000 mg/kg. Further, blood biochemical parameters related to toxicity were reported as normal.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden mimics the neuritogenic activity of nerve growth factor via MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in PC-12 cells

Seow

Eik

Naidu

et al. 2015

Sci Rep

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The traditional application of the sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerotis (tiger’s milk mushroom) by the indigenous folks as tonic and remedy to treat a variety of ailments has been documented in Malaysia. Indigenous communities claimed to have consumed the decoction to boost their alertness during hunting. Mental alertness is believed to be related to neuronal health and neuroactivity. In the present study, the cell viability and neuritogenic effects of L. rhinocerotis sclerotium hot aqueous and ethanolic extracts, and crude polysaccharides on rat pheochromocytoma (PC-12) cells were studied. Interestingly, the hot aqueous extract exhibited neuritogenic activity comparable to NGF in PC-12 cells. However, the extracts and crude polysaccharides stimulated neuritogenesis without stimulating the production of NGF in PC-12 cells. The involvements of the TrkA receptor and MEK/ERK1/2 pathway in hot aqueous extract-stimulated neuritogenesis were examined by Trk (K252a) and MEK/ERK1/2 (U0126 and PD98059) inhibitors. There was no significant difference in protein expression in NGF- and hot aqueous extract-treated cells for both total and phosphorylated p44/42 MAPK. The neuritogenic activity in PC-12 cells stimulated by hot aqueous and ethanolic extracts, and crude polysaccharides of L. rhinocerotis sclerotium mimicking NGF activity via the MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway is reported for the first time.

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Preclinical toxicological evaluations of the sclerotium of Lignosus rhinocerus (Cooke), the Tiger Milk mushroom

Cited by 22 publications

References 13 publications

Safety Evaluation of Sclerotium from a Medicinal Mushroom, Lignosus cameronensis (Cultivar): Preclinical Toxicology Studies

Safety Evaluation of Sclerotium from a Medicinal Mushroom, Lignosus cameronensis (Cultivar): Preclinical Toxicology Studies

Genome-based Proteomic Analysis of Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden Sclerotium

Lignosus rhinocerotis (Cooke) Ryvarden mimics the neuritogenic activity of nerve growth factor via MEK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway in PC-12 cells

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