Preclinical substantia nigra dysfunction in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder

Miyamoto, Masayuki; Miyamoto, Tomoyuki; Iwanami, Masaoki; Muramatsu, Shin‐ichi; Asari, Sayaka; Nakano, Imaharu; Hirata, Koichi

doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2011.03.024

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The first TCS case–control study showed a 37.3% midbrain hyperechogenicity in iRBD patients, which was significantly more frequent compared to control subjects (10.7%) . SN hyperechogenicity was subsequently identified in 36–54% of patients, as iRBD was considered to be prodromal for synucleinopathy . Our results are similar to previous results, although there was no difference between iRBD and MSA on SN abnormalities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Transcranial sonography in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and multiple system atrophy

Xue

Jia

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Transcranial sonography in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and multiple system atrophy

Xue

Jia

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…As with established Parkinson's, the signal does not change with time in RBD and its ability to predict pheno-conversion in longitudinal studies is disappointing (Iranzo et al, 2014b). Several studies have found no correlation in RBD subjects between substantia nigra hyperechogenicity and dopaminergic dysfunction measured by DAT or PET (Iranzo et al, 2010, Rupprecht et al, 2013, Unger et al, 2008, Miyamoto et al, 2012). These results further suggest that the TCS finding may be a binary susceptibility marker in RBD rather than a quantifiable measure of neurodegeneration.…”

Section: Neuroimaging In Pre-motor Parkinson'smentioning

confidence: 97%

Neuroimaging in pre-motor Parkinson's disease

Barber

Klein

Mackay

et al. 2017

NeuroImage: Clinical

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The process of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease begins long before the onset of clinical motor symptoms, resulting in substantial cell loss by the time a diagnosis can be made. The period between the onset of neurodegeneration and the development of motoric disease would be the ideal time to intervene with disease modifying therapies. This pre-motor phase can last many years, but the lack of a specific clinical phenotype means that objective biomarkers are needed to reliably detect prodromal disease. In recent years, recognition that patients with REM sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) are at particularly high risk of future parkinsonism has enabled the development of large prodromal cohorts in which to investigate novel biomarkers, and neuroimaging has generated some of the most promising results to date. Here we review investigations undertaken in RBD and other pre-clinical cohorts, including modalities that are well established in clinical Parkinson's as well as novel imaging methods. Techniques such as high resolution MRI of the substantia nigra and functional imaging of Parkinsonian brain networks have great potential to facilitate early diagnosis. Further longitudinal studies will establish their true value in quantifying prodromal neurodegeneration and predicting future Parkinson's.

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“…Among cases of RBD without parkinsonism SN hyperechogenicity on transcranial ultrasound indicates preclinical neuronal dysfunction [145].…”

Section: Synuclein Neurodegenerative Etiologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasomnias: An Updated Review

2012

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Parasomnias are abnormal behaviors emanating from or associated with sleep. Sleepwalking and related disorders result from an incomplete dissociation of wakefulness from nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. Conditions that provoke repeated cortical arousals, or promote sleep inertia lead to NREM parasomnias by impairing normal arousal mechanisms. Changes in the cyclic alternating pattern, a biomarker of arousal instability in NREM sleep, are noted in sleepwalking disorders. Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is characterized by a disruption of the nocturnal fast with episodes of feeding after an arousal from sleep. SRED is often associated with the use of sedative-hypnotic medications; in particular, the widely prescribed benzodiazepine receptor agonists. Recently, compelling evidence suggests that nocturnal eating may in some cases be a nonmotor manifestation of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS). rapid eye movement (REM) Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is characterized by a loss of REM paralysis leading to potentially injurious dream enactment. The loss of atonia in RBD often predates the development of Parkinson's disease and other disorders of synuclein pathology. Parasomnia behaviors are related to an activation (in NREM parasomnias) or a disinhibition (in RBD) of central pattern generators (CPGs). Initial management should focus on decreasing the potential for sleep-related injury followed by treating comorbid sleep disorders. Clonazepam and melatonin appear to be effective therapies in RBD, whereas paroxetine has been reported effective in some cases of sleep terrors. At this point, pharmacotherapy for other parasomnias is less certain, and further investigations are necessary.Keywords Parasomnia . Sleepwalking . Sleep terrors . REM sleep behavior disorder . Restless legs syndrome Classification of ParasomniasParasomnias are typically classified by the sleep state from which they arise: non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and rapid eye movement sleep (REM) (see Table 1 NREM parasomnias include: confusional arousals, sleepwalking disorder, and sleep terrors. These behaviors arise when the cortex incompletely arouses from deep NREM sleep, often due to comorbid conditions that provoke repeated arousal or promote sleep inertia. Changes in the cyclic alternating pattern, a biomarker of arousal instability in NREM sleep, are noted in sleepwalking and related disorders [3].Sleep-related eating disorder (SRED) is currently classified in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 2nd edition (ICSD-2) under "Other Parasomnia" [1]. However the vast majority of SRED cases emanate from NREM [4], and the complex amnestic behaviors with ambulation are striking similar to sleepwalking [5]. Furthermore, both SRED and sleepwalking are frequently triggered by sedating agents in the setting of underlying motor restlessness [6]. Thus, considering these similarities, SRED will be reviewed immediately after NREM parasomnias.REM sleep behavior disorder is the most clinically relevant REM parasomnia. The loss of atoni...

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Preclinical substantia nigra dysfunction in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder

Cited by 29 publications

References 19 publications

Transcranial sonography in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and multiple system atrophy

Transcranial sonography in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder and multiple system atrophy

Neuroimaging in pre-motor Parkinson's disease

Parasomnias: An Updated Review

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