Preclinical Non-human Models to Combat Dementia

Banik, Avijit; Anand, Akshay

doi:10.5214/ans.0972.7531.200109

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Neural stem cells: Researchers have used methods such as brain injury, neurotoxin-induced brain cell loss, and intraventricular injection of Aβ peptide to establish AD-like pathology and induce memory impairment models in rats and mice[ 92 , 93 ]. Martinez-serrano et al[ 94 ] transplanted forebrain cholinergic neurons into the host striatum and Meynert nuclei, and found that cells survived well in the host brain for a long time and induced hypertrophic responses of cholinergic neurons.…”

Section: Stem Cells and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease

Liu¹,

Yang²,

Zhao³

2020

WJSC

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. It is caused by synaptic failure and excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins. To date, almost all advanced clinical trials on specific AD-related pathways have failed mostly due to a large number of neurons lost in the brain of patients with AD. Also, currently available drug candidates intervene too late. Stem cells have improved characteristics of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and recombination with the advent of stem cell technology and the transformation of these cells into different types of central nervous system neurons and glial cells. Stem cell treatment has been successful in AD animal models. Recent preclinical studies on stem cell therapy for AD have proved to be promising. Cell replacement therapies, such as human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neural cells, have the potential to treat patients with AD, and human clinical trials are ongoing in this regard. However, many steps still need to be taken before stem cell therapy becomes a clinically feasible treatment for human AD and related diseases. This paper reviews the pathophysiology of AD and the application prospects of related stem cells based on cell type.

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Section: Stem Cells and Admentioning

confidence: 99%

Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease

Liu¹,

Yang²,

Zhao³

2020

WJSC

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“…Several strategies have been adopted to establish AD like pathologies and induced memory impairment in these models [33]. These include predetermined brain injury, neurotoxin induced cell loss in brain and intra-cerebroventricular injection of Aβ peptides [34]. …”

Section: Pre-clinical Studies To Probe Regenerative Potential Of Stemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Stem Cells Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Do Neurotrophic Factors Play Critical Role?

Bali¹,

Lahiri²,

Banik³

et al. 2017

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia. Despite several decades of serious research in AD there is no standard disease modifying therapy available. Stem cells hold immense potential to regenerate tissue systems and are studied in a number of brain-related disorders. For various untreatable neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) (current-approved drugs provide only symptomatic relief), stem cell therapy holds a great promise and provides a great research opportunity. Here we review several stem cell transplantation studies with reference to both preclinical and clinical approaches. We focus on different sources of stem cells in a number of animal models and on molecular mechanisms involved in possible treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The clinical studies reviewed suggest safety efficacy and translational potential of stem cell therapy. The therapeutic outcome of stem cell transplantation has been promising in many studies but no unifying hypothesis exists for an underlying mechanism. Some studies reported paracrine effects exerted by these cells via release of neurotrophic factors, while other studies reported immunomodulatory effects by transplanted cells. There are also reports supporting stem cell transplantation causing endogenous cell proliferation or replacement of diseased cells at the site of degeneration. In animal models of AD, stem cell transplantation is also believed to increase expression of synaptic proteins. A number of stem cell transplantation studies point out great potential for this novel approach in preventing or halting several neurodegenerative diseases. The current challenge is to clearly define the molecular mechanism by which stem cells operate and the extent of actual contribution by the exogenous and/or endogenous cells in the rescue of disease.

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Preclinical Non-human Models to Combat Dementia

Cited by 2 publications

References 62 publications

Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease

Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease

Potential for Stem Cells Therapy in Alzheimer’s Disease: Do Neurotrophic Factors Play Critical Role?

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