Preclinical models of elbow injury and pathology

David, Michael A.; Chamberlain, Aaron M.; Lake, Spencer P.

doi:10.21037/aoj.2020.02.09

Cited by 2 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Elbow trauma can lead to the debilitating condition of post-traumatic joint contracture (PTJC) in ∼8–50% of afflicted elbows ( Anakwe et al, 2011 ; Myden and Hildebrand, 2011 ; Monument et al, 2013 ; Wessel et al, 2019 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ). An elbow affected by PTJC becomes contracted and stiff, leading to reduced range of motion and function ( Anakwe et al, 2011 ; Myden and Hildebrand, 2011 ; Monument et al, 2013 ; Wessel et al, 2019 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ). Elbow PTJC is largely associated with capsule fibrosis, but can involve injury to other soft tissues like muscle, ligament, and cartilage ( Monument et al, 2013 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ; Pooley and Van der Linden, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An elbow affected by PTJC becomes contracted and stiff, leading to reduced range of motion and function ( Anakwe et al, 2011 ; Myden and Hildebrand, 2011 ; Monument et al, 2013 ; Wessel et al, 2019 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ). Elbow PTJC is largely associated with capsule fibrosis, but can involve injury to other soft tissues like muscle, ligament, and cartilage ( Monument et al, 2013 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ; Pooley and Van der Linden, 2021 ). When severe elbow PTJC develops, procedures removing the fibrotic capsule (i.e., capsulotomy) or treating arthritic cartilage (e.g., joint fusion or arthroplasty) serve as surgical options to improve forearm function ( Monument et al, 2013 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ; Papadopoulos et al, 2021 ; Pooley and Van der Linden, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elbow PTJC is largely associated with capsule fibrosis, but can involve injury to other soft tissues like muscle, ligament, and cartilage ( Monument et al, 2013 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ; Pooley and Van der Linden, 2021 ). When severe elbow PTJC develops, procedures removing the fibrotic capsule (i.e., capsulotomy) or treating arthritic cartilage (e.g., joint fusion or arthroplasty) serve as surgical options to improve forearm function ( Monument et al, 2013 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ; Papadopoulos et al, 2021 ; Pooley and Van der Linden, 2021 ). However, the prognosis of these strategies is largely unpredictable, and these strategies are often unsuccessful in restoring full-motion/function and/or are associated with surgical revisions or complications ( Monument et al, 2013 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ; Papadopoulos et al, 2021 ; Pooley and Van der Linden, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When severe elbow PTJC develops, procedures removing the fibrotic capsule (i.e., capsulotomy) or treating arthritic cartilage (e.g., joint fusion or arthroplasty) serve as surgical options to improve forearm function ( Monument et al, 2013 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ; Papadopoulos et al, 2021 ; Pooley and Van der Linden, 2021 ). However, the prognosis of these strategies is largely unpredictable, and these strategies are often unsuccessful in restoring full-motion/function and/or are associated with surgical revisions or complications ( Monument et al, 2013 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ; Papadopoulos et al, 2021 ; Pooley and Van der Linden, 2021 ). Importantly, these approaches fail to address the biological underpinnings of PTJC, especially during the immediate-early biological response post-trauma ( Monument et al, 2013 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the prognosis of these strategies is largely unpredictable, and these strategies are often unsuccessful in restoring full-motion/function and/or are associated with surgical revisions or complications ( Monument et al, 2013 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ; Papadopoulos et al, 2021 ; Pooley and Van der Linden, 2021 ). Importantly, these approaches fail to address the biological underpinnings of PTJC, especially during the immediate-early biological response post-trauma ( Monument et al, 2013 ; David et al, 2021 ; Hildebrand et al, 2021 ). Thus, novel disease-modifying strategies are needed to prevent or mitigate elbow PTJC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pleiotropic Effects of Simvastatin and Losartan in Preclinical Models of Post-Traumatic Elbow Contracture

David

Reiter

Dunham

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Elbow trauma can lead to post-traumatic joint contracture (PTJC), which is characterized by loss of motion associated with capsule/ligament fibrosis and cartilage damage. Unfortunately, current therapies are often unsuccessful or cause complications. This study aimed to determine the effects of prophylactically administered simvastatin (SV) and losartan (LS) in two preclinical models of elbow PTJC: an in vivo elbow-specific rat injury model and an in vitro collagen gel contraction assay. The in vivo elbow rat (n = 3–10/group) injury model evaluated the effects of orally administered SV and LS at two dosing strategies [i.e., low dose/high frequency/short duration (D1) vs. high dose/low frequency/long duration (D2)] on post-mortem elbow range of motion (via biomechanical testing) as well as capsule fibrosis and cartilage damage (via histopathology). The in vitro gel contraction assay coupled with live/dead staining (n = 3–19/group) evaluated the effects of SV and LS at various concentrations (i.e., 1, 10, 100 µM) and durations (i.e., continuous, short, or delayed) on the contractibility and viability of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts [i.e., NIH3T3 fibroblasts with endogenous transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGFβ1)]. In vivo, no drug strategy prevented elbow contracture biomechanically. Histologically, only SV-D2 modestly reduced capsule fibrosis but maintained elevated cellularity and tissue hypertrophy, and both SV strategies lessened cartilage damage. SV modest benefits were localized to the anterior region, not the posterior, of the joint. Neither LS strategy had meaningful benefits in capsule nor cartilage. In vitro, irrespective of the presence of TGFβ1, SV (≥10 μM) prevented gel contraction partly by decreasing cell viability (100 μM). In contrast, LS did not prevent gel contraction or affect cell viability. This study demonstrates that SV, but not LS, might be suitable prophylactic drug therapy in two preclinical models of elbow PTJC. Results provide initial insight to guide future preclinical studies aimed at preventing or mitigating elbow PTJC.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Pleiotropic Effects of Simvastatin and Losartan in Preclinical Models of Post-Traumatic Elbow Contracture

David

Reiter

Dunham

et al. 2022

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Abordaje de las luxaciones simples de codo en el servicio de emergencias

Jenkins Retana,

Rojas González,

Castillo Cordero

2023

Rev.méd.sinerg.

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La luxación de codo es una lesión frecuente cuando se habla de afectación a nivel de esta articulación. Afecta principalmente al sexo masculino y se considera la luxación más frecuente en niños. Se clasifica dependiendo de la afectación de la lesión en luxación simple, cuando no asocia fractura; o compleja, cuando asocia fractura o inestabilidad articular. Otra clasificación es según la dirección del desplazamiento, que en el 80% de veces es posterolateral, mientras el otro 20% comprende los desplazamientos posteromedial, anterior o divergente. En niños es frecuente que ocurra una subluxación de cabeza radial conocida como “codo de niñera”, la cual ocurre cuando una persona más alta tira al niño desde arriba. Se confirma el diagnóstico con radiografías AP y lateral del miembro afectado. La resonancia magnética y la tomografía computarizada son herramientas útiles en luxación compleja de codo, ya que esta sirve para delimitar la fractura o lesión de ligamentos y plantear el manejo quirúrgico, por lo tanto, no es la herramienta de elección en la luxación simple de codo. El tratamiento será conservador mediante reducción cerrada e inmovilización cuando se está frente a una luxación simple, o manejo quirúrgico si asocia fracturas o inestabilidad en ligamentos.

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Preclinical models of elbow injury and pathology

Cited by 2 publications

References 141 publications

Pleiotropic Effects of Simvastatin and Losartan in Preclinical Models of Post-Traumatic Elbow Contracture

Pleiotropic Effects of Simvastatin and Losartan in Preclinical Models of Post-Traumatic Elbow Contracture

Abordaje de las luxaciones simples de codo en el servicio de emergencias

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