Preclinical in vivo Performance of Novel Biodegradable, Electrospun Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanocomposites: A Review

Abstract

Bone substitute materials have witnessed tremendous development over the past decades and autogenous bone may still be considered the gold standard for many clinicians and clinical approaches in order to rebuild and restore bone defects. However, a plethora of novel xenogenic and synthetic bone substitute materials have been introduced in recent years in the field of bone regeneration. As the development of bone is actually a calcification process within a collagen fiber arrangement, the use of scaffolds in the formation of fibers may offer some advantages, along with additional handling characteristics. This review focuses on material characteristics and degradation behavior of electrospun biodegradable polyester scaffolds. Furthermore, we concentrated on the preclinical in vivo performance with regard to bone regeneration in preclinical studies. The major findings are as follows: Scaffold composition and architecture determine its biological behavior and degradation characteristics; The incorporation of inorganic substances and/or organic substances within composite scaffolds enhances new bone formation; L-poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite scaffolds, especially when combined with basic substances like hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate or demineralized bone powder, seem not to induce inflammatory tissue reactions in vivo.

Response of human dental pulp cells to a silver-containing PLGA/TCP-nanofabric as a potential antibacterial regenerative pulp-capping material

“…The incorporation of inorganic substances and organic substances within composite scaffolds has been shown to enhance biomineralization. In addition, L-poly(lactic acid) and PLGA composite scaffolds, especially when combined with basic substances like hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate or demineralized bone powder, have also shown not to induce inflammatory tissue reactions in vivo, thus seem to be highly biocompatible [ 12 ]. These materials can be optionally doped with silver, which has shown to result in enhanced antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli when compared to tetracycline controls [ 13 ].…”

The Rigid-Shield Technique: A New Contour and Clot Stabilizing Method for Ridge Preservation

“…A possible point of criticism is the type of membrane used. The used membrane may cause pH changes and induce a local inflammatory response in the surrounding tissue since acidic degradation products of PLA, PGA, or PLGA can lead to adverse tissue reaction in the body, but do not necessarily have to [ 22 ]. Clinical healing was uneventful in this case.…”

Advances in immunotherapy delivery from implantable and injectable biomaterials

“…One widely used polymer for biomaterial scaffolds is poly (lactide-co-glycolide) acid (PLG or PLGA). PLGA is an attractive polymer for biological applications for many reasons: it is easily degradable by hydrolysis to the biocompatible components lactic and glycolic acid, is easily customizable and tunable in the process of designing devices, and is an FDA approved material [184,185]. Materials made from PLGA polymers are typically relatively strong and stiff, and form large pores useful for bulk loading of payloads such as drugs, proteins, or even cells [186].…”