Precision ultrasound sensing on a chip

Basiri-Esfahani, Sahar; Armin, Ardalan; Forstner, Stefan; Bowen, Warwick P.

doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08038-4

Cited by 118 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 50 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…We achieve this by developing a microscale photonic platform to initialize vortex clusters in two-dimensional helium-4 on a silicon chip, confine them, and image their spatial distribution over time. Our experiments characterize vortex distributions via their interactions with resonant sound waves, leveraging ultraprecise sensing methods from cavity optomechanics [30][31][32][33]. Microscale confinement greatly enhances the vortex-sound interactions,…”

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confidence: 99%

Coherent vortex dynamics in a strongly interacting superfluid on a silicon chip

Sachkou

Baker

Harris

et al. 2019

Science

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Two-dimensional superfluidity and quantum turbulence are directly connected to the microscopic dynamics of quantized vortices. However, surface effects have prevented direct observations of coherent vortex dynamics in strongly-interacting two-dimensional systems. Here, we overcome this challenge by confining a twodimensional droplet of superfluid helium at microscale on the atomically-smooth surface of a silicon chip. An on-chip optical microcavity allows laser-initiation of vortex clusters and nondestructive observation of their decay in a single shot. Coherent dynamics dominate, with thermal vortex diffusion suppressed by six orders-of-magnitude. This establishes a new on-chip platform to study emergent phenomena in strongly-interacting superfluids, test astrophysical dynamics such as those in the superfluid core of neutron stars in the laboratory, and construct quantum technologies such as precision inertial sensors. arXiv:1902.04409v1 [cond-mat.other] 7 Feb 2019Strongly-interacting many-body quantum systems exhibit rich behaviours of significance to areas ranging from superconductivity [1] to quantum computation [2, 3], astrophysics [4][5][6], and even string theory [7]. The first example of such a behaviour, superfluidity, was discovered more than eighty years ago in cryogenically cooled liquid helium-4 [8]. Quite remarkably, it was found to persist even in thin two-dimensional films [9], for which the well-known Mermin-Wagner theorem precludes condensation into a superfluid phase in the thermodynamic limit [10]. This apparent contradiction was resolved by Berezinskii, Kosterlitz and Thouless (BKT), who predicted that quantized vortices allow a topological phase transition into superfluidity [11,12]. It is now recognized that quantized vortices also dominate much of the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of two-dimensional superfluids, such as quantum turbulence [13].Recently, laser control and imaging of vortices in ultracold gases [14, 15] and semiconductor exciton-polariton systems [16,17] has provided rich capabilities to study superfluid dynamics [18] including, for example, the formation of collective vortex dipoles with negative temperature and large-scale order [19, 20] as predicted by Lars Onsager seventy years ago [21]. However, these experiments are generally limited to the regime of weak interactions, where the Gross-Pitaevskii equation provides a microscopic model of the dynamics of the superfluid. The regime of strong interactions can be reached by tuning the atomic scattering length in ultracold gases [22, 23]. However, technical challenges have limited investigations of nonequilibrium phenomena [22]. The strongly-interacting regime defies a microscopic theoretical treatment and is the relevant regime for superfluid helium as well as for astrophysical superfluid phenomena such as pulsar glitches [24] and superfluidity of the quark-gluon plasma in the early universe [6]. The vortex dynamics in this regime are typically predicted using phenomenological vortex models. However, whether the vortices...

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confidence: 99%

Coherent vortex dynamics in a strongly interacting superfluid on a silicon chip

Sachkou

Baker

Harris

et al. 2019

Science

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“…The tapered fiber is slightly tightened up to stable the MBL and avoid intensive stress. By beating with MBL's native resonance, we can coherently pick up those acoustical signals in a more sensitive way with sensitivity ∼267 µPa Hz −1/2 (details in the supplement), comparable or better performed than other similar optomechanical devices [36]. Here multiple resonances are observed from the MBL's spectrum response during frequency sweeping in Figure 4b.…”

Section: Acoustic Wave Sensing In Mblmentioning

confidence: 76%

Multiphysical sensing of light, sound and microwave in a microcavity Brillouin laser

et al. 2020

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AbstractLight, sound, and microwave are important tools for many interdisciplinary applications in a multi-physical environment, and they usually are inefficient to be detected simultaneously in the same physical platform. However, at the microscopic scale, these waves can unexpectedly interact with the same microstructure through resonant enhancement, making it a unique hybrid micro-system for new applications across multiple physical channels. Here we experimentally demonstrate an optomechanical microdevice based on Brillouin lasing operation in an optical microcavity as a sensitive unit to sense external light, sound, and microwave signals in the same platform. These waves can induce modulations to the microcavity Brillouin laser (MBL) in a resonance-enhanced manner through either the pressure forces including radiation pressure force or thermal absorption, allowing several novel applications such as broadband non-photovoltaic detection of light, sound-light wave mixing, and deep-subwavelength microwave imaging. These results pave the way towards on-chip integrable optomechanical solutions for sensing, free-space secure communication, and microwave imaging.

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“…The resonant enhancement of both optical and mechanical response in a cavity optomechanical system [1,2] has enabled precision sensors [3] of displacement [4,5], force [6], mass [7], acceleration [8,9], ultrasound [10], and magnetic fields [11][12][13][14][15][16]. Cavity optomechanical magnetometers are particulary attractive, promising stateof-the-art sensitivity without the need for cryogenics, with only microwatt power consumption [11][12][13][14]16], and with silicon chip based fabrication offering scalability [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrabroadband and sensitive cavity optomechanical magnetometry

Li¹,

Brawley²,

Greenall³

et al. 2020

Photon. Res.

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Magnetostrictive optomechanical cavities provide a new optically-readout approach to room temperature magnetometry. Here we report ultrasensitive and ultrahigh bandwidth cavity optomechanical magnetometers constructed by embedding a grain of the magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D within a high quality (Q) optical microcavity on a silicon chip. By engineering their physical structure, we achieve a peak sensitivity of 26 pT/ √ Hz comparable to the best cryogenic microscale magnetometers, along with a 3 dB bandwidth as high as 11.3 MHz. Two classes of magnetic response are observed, which we postulate arise from the crystallinity of the Terfenol-D. This allows single-and poly-crystalline grains to be distinguished at the level of a single particle. Our results may enable applications such as lab-on-chip nuclear magnetic spectroscopy and magnetic navigation.

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Precision ultrasound sensing on a chip

Cited by 118 publications

References 50 publications

Coherent vortex dynamics in a strongly interacting superfluid on a silicon chip

Coherent vortex dynamics in a strongly interacting superfluid on a silicon chip

Multiphysical sensing of light, sound and microwave in a microcavity Brillouin laser

Ultrabroadband and sensitive cavity optomechanical magnetometry

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