“…Lung-targeted mRNA delivery is useful in treating various lung-associated diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and lung cancer. − LNPs have been employed for both local (e.g., inhalation, and intratracheal) and systemic (e.g., intravenous) delivery of mRNA to the lungs. − Local administration is straightforward and efficient, but when challenges arise (e.g., toxicity, irritative reactions, and patient inability), systemic delivery can be preferred. , …”