Precision tests ofCPTsymmetry and quantum mechanics in the neutral kaon system

Abstract

We present a systematic phenomenological analysis of the tests of CPT symmetry that are possible within an open quantum-mechanical description of the neutral kaon system that is motivated by arguments based on quantum gravity and string theory. We develop a perturbative expansion in terms of the three small CPT-violating parameters admitted in this description, and provide expressions for a complete set of K→2, 3, and l decay observables to second order in these small parameters, and contrast this formalism with CPT violation within conventional quantum mechanics. We also illustrate the new tests of CPT symmetry and quantum mechanics that are possible in the open quantum-mechanical formalism using a regenerator. Indications are that experimental data from the CPLEAR and previous experiments could be used to establish upper bounds on the CPT-violating parameters that are of order 10 Ϫ19 GeV, approaching the order of magnitude that may be attainable in quantum theories of gravity.

Indirect limits on the CPT violating background in the neutrino sector

“…[1]. Specific realizations of the CPT breaking were discussed in the context of string theory [2,3], in chiral gauge theories on spacetimes with a particular topological structure [4] and in noncommutative geometries [5,6]. Phenomenologically, CPT violation can be motivated by an interesting, although quite speculative idea of equilibrium baryogenesis [7].…”

Plate with a hole obeys the averaged null energy condition

“…From (81) we see that it is independent of the parameters of the time evolution. It is a sum of two terms.…”

“…(148) allows one to calculate the frequency of occurence of the events detected by the apparatus tuned to R f as a function of all the 16 paramters to any order in the small ones. Explicit expressions have been published for 3 QMV parameters [70,81], for 6 ones [77,82], and for 9 ones [69].…”

“…An important difference to the regular quantum-mechanical time evolution is, that conservation laws do not follow anymore from symmetry properties, and that their existence is no more compulsory [66,70,81]. The question has to be left to the models, which enable QMV, whether the creator of QMV may also be the supplier of the otherwise missing conserved quantities.…”

Possible effects of quantum mechanics violation induced by certain quantum-gravity effects on neutrino oscillations

“…Thus Hawking's suggestion not only in a macroscopic configuration but also in a microscopic 'elementary' particle level has received careful considerations. First of all, more than 10 years ago Ellis, Hagelin, Nanopoulos and Srednicki (EHNS) [6], being motivated to track the 'sources' for CP and CPT violation, proposed to observe the QMV induced by the quantum gravity effects in K 0 −K 0 system with additional reasonable assumptions, and then the authors of [7,8] reexamed and formulated the effects with more care, and gave refreshed bounds on the parameters of the effects for QMV. To play the same game, the authors of [9] discussed the possibility of observing the effects in B 0 −B 0 system.…”