Precision spectroscopy with coherent dark states

Wynands, R.; Nagel, A.

doi:10.1007/s003400050581

Cited by 281 publications

(160 citation statements)

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“…Even if the CPT resonance is created using two optical transitions, its ultimate linewidth is independent of the widths of the optical transitions; it is only related to the lifetime of the coherence between the two ground states. Coherent population trapping is thus a very attractive tool for high resolution spectroscopy, with potential applications to magnetometers and atomic clocks [4][5][6]. Unlike vapor cell clocks as the widespread rubidium clocks, CPT clocks do not need microwave cavity, since the resonance interrogation is all-optical; the microwave signal is carried by the laser beams.…”

Section: Why Developing a Clock With Cptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact atomic clock prototype based on coherent population trapping

Danet

Kozlova

Yun

et al. 2014

EPJ Web of Conferences

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Abstract. Toward the next generations of compact atomic clocks, clocks based on coherent population trapping (CPT) offer a very interesting alternative. Thanks to CPT, a quantum interfering process, this technology has made a decisive step in the miniaturization direction. Fractional frequency stability of 1.5x10 -10 at 1 s has been demonstrated in commercial devices of a few cm 3 . The laboratory prototype presented here intends to explore what could be the ultimate stability of a CPT based device. To do so, an original double-Λ optical scheme and a pulsed interrogation have been implemented in order to get a good compromise between contrast and linewidth. A study of two main sources of noise, the relative intensity and the local oscillator (LO) noise, has been performed. By designing simple solutions, it led to a new fractional frequency limitation lower than 4x10 -13 at 1 s integration. Such a performance proves that such a technology could rival with classical ones as double resonance clocks.

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Section: Why Developing a Clock With Cptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compact atomic clock prototype based on coherent population trapping

Danet

Kozlova

Yun

et al. 2014

EPJ Web of Conferences

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“…This can be done by a proper choice of the excitation scheme. For example in the case of the D2 line of alkali-metal atoms the contrast of resonance does not typically exceed a few percent (we define contrast as the ratio (B − A)/B, where A is the absorption in the exact twophoton resonance ω 1 −ω 2 = ∆ hf s and B is the absorption far off two-photon resonance but still on the single-photon resonance) [7]. This limit is related to: (1) the destructive interference of coherences that appear in the two available lambda schemes distinguished by upper states (F = 3, 4); (2) the additional mechanism of relaxation of the groundstate ("0-0") coherence due to absorption on cycling transitions (F = 4 → F = 5, F = 3 → F = 2 for Cs).…”

Section: Qualitative Theoretical Considerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-contrast dark resonance in σ₊ - σ_- optical field

et al. 2004

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The amplitude of Λ resonance in alkali atoms is limited by perturbing cycling transitions in the case of D2 line or by existence of additional trapping states in the case of D1 line. We propose to eliminate these extra trapping states by using two counter-propagating bichromatic fields of orthogonal circular polarizations. The experiment is in accordance with the theoretical proposal. The result refers to small-size cells and is important for applications in miniaturized atomic clocks. The dependence of the CPT signal amplitude on the position of the mirror with respect to the vapor cell

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“…Such a dependence was pointed out by [17] and by [46] based on a theoretical analysis of [66], and as mentioned in [48], was earlier derived in [67].…”

Section: Approximated Frequency-shifts Of Eit and Ff Resonancesmentioning

confidence: 59%

Ultrahigh-resolution spectroscopy with atomic or molecular dark resonances: Exact steady-state line shapes and asymptotic profiles in the adiabatic pulsed regime

2011

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Exact and asymptotic lineshape expressions are derived from the semi-classical density matrix representation describing a set of closed three-level Λ atomic or molecular states including decoherences, relaxation rates and light-shifts. An accurate analysis of the exact steady-state Dark Resonance profile describing the Autler-Townes doublet, the Electromagnetically Induced Transparency or Coherent Population Trapping resonance and the Fano-Feshbach lineshape, leads to the linewidth expression of the two-photon Raman transition and frequency-shifts associated to the clock transition. From an adiabatic analysis of the dynamical Optical Bloch Equations in the weak field limit, a pumping time required to efficiently trap a large number of atoms into a coherent superposition of long-lived states is established. For a highly asymmetrical configuration with different decay channels, a strong two-photon resonance based on a lower states population inversion is established when the driving continuous-wave laser fields are greatly unbalanced. When time separated resonant two-photon pulses are applied in the adiabatic pulsed regime for atomic or molecular clock engineering, where the first pulse is long enough to reach a coherent steady-state preparation and the second pulse is very short to avoid repumping into a new dark state, Dark Resonance fringes mixing continuous-wave lineshape properties and coherent Ramsey oscillations are created. Those fringes allow interrogation schemes bypassing the power broadening effect. Frequency-shifts affecting the central clock fringe computed from asymptotic profiles and related to Raman decoherence process, exhibit non-linear shapes with the three-level observable used for quantum measurement. We point out that different observables experience different shifts on the lower-state clock transition.

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Precision spectroscopy with coherent dark states

Cited by 281 publications

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Compact atomic clock prototype based on coherent population trapping

Compact atomic clock prototype based on coherent population trapping

High-contrast dark resonance in σ₊ - σ_- optical field

Ultrahigh-resolution spectroscopy with atomic or molecular dark resonances: Exact steady-state line shapes and asymptotic profiles in the adiabatic pulsed regime

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Precision spectroscopy with coherent dark states

Cited by 281 publications

References 0 publications

Compact atomic clock prototype based on coherent population trapping

Compact atomic clock prototype based on coherent population trapping

High-contrast dark resonance in σ+ - σ- optical field

Ultrahigh-resolution spectroscopy with atomic or molecular dark resonances: Exact steady-state line shapes and asymptotic profiles in the adiabatic pulsed regime

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High-contrast dark resonance in σ₊ - σ_- optical field