Precision spectroscopy of positronium: Testing bound-state QED theory and the search for physics beyond the Standard Model

Adkins, Gregory S.; Cassidy, D. B.; Pérez-Ríos, Jesús

doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2022.05.002

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 470 publications

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“…Furthermore, for comparison with experiment, the effect of the nuclear motion is also accounted for in addition to eq . A recent review provides an overview of the current status for positronium-like systems …”

Section: An Overview Of Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bethe–Salpeter QED Wave Equation for Bound-State Computations of Atoms and Molecules

et al. 2023

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Interactions in atomic and molecular systems are dominated by electromagnetic forces and the theoretical framework must be in the quantum regime. The physical theory for the combination of quantum mechanics and electromagnetism, quantum electrodynamics has been "established" by the mid-twentieth century, primarily as a scattering theory. To describe atoms and molecules, it is important to consider bound states. In the nonrelativistic quantum mechanics framework, bound states can be efficiently computed using robust and general methodologies with systematic approximations developed for solving wave equations. With the sight of the development of a computational quantum electrodynamics framework for atomic and molecular matter, the field theoretic Bethe−Salpeter wave equation expressed in space−time coordinates, its exact equal-time variant, and emergence of a relativistic wave equation, is reviewed. A computational framework, with initial applications and future challenges in relation with precision spectroscopy, is also highlighted.

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Section: An Overview Of Numerical Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bethe–Salpeter QED Wave Equation for Bound-State Computations of Atoms and Molecules

et al. 2023

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“…The physics of positronium is expected to be described by Quantum Electrodynamics, QED, which is our most accurately tested theory, up to one part in 10 12 , with tiny radiative corrections from the strong and weak interactions. Recent experiments have revealed some surprises pushing the boundaries of QED bound state theory (Adkins et al, 2022) with the observation of anomalies up to 4.5 standard deviations at the precision of 10 −4 between measurements and theory in hyperfine splittings of positronium energy levels. Possible couplings of positronium to new interactions are being probed through precision symmetry tests and rare decay measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Complementary reviews of positronium physics, each with a different emphasis are given in Adkins et al (2022), Cassidy (2018) as well as Bass (2019); Berko and Pendleton (1980);Gninenko et al (2002); Goworek (2014); Karshenboim (2004Karshenboim ( , 2005; and Nagashima (2014). An introduction to applications in medicine and biology is given in Moskal et al (2019a) and Harpen (2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positronium Physics and Biomedical Applications

Bass¹,

Mariazzi²,

Moskal³

et al. 2023

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Positronium is the simplest bound state, built of an electron and a positron. Studies of positronium in vacuum and its decays in medium tell us about Quantum Electrodynamics, QED, and about the structure of matter and biological processes of living organisms at the nanoscale, respectively. Spectroscopic measurements constrain our understanding of QED bound state theory. Searches for rare decays and measurements of the effect of gravitation on positronium are used to look for new physics phenomena. In biological materials positronium decays are sensitive to the inter-and intra-molecular structure and to the metabolism of living organisms ranging from single cells to human beings. This leads to new ideas of positronium imaging in medicine using the fact that during positron emission tomography (PET) as much as 40% of positron annihilation occurs through the production of positronium atoms inside the patient's body. A new generation of the high sensitivity and multi-photon total-body PET systems opens perspectives for clinical applications of positronium as a biomarker of tissue pathology and the degree of tissue oxidation.

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“…The highprecision spectroscopy experiments [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] together with the theoretical results (see Refs. [2,11] and references therein) provide stringent test for validity of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in the low-energy range and probe physics beyond the Standard Model [12][13][14][15][16]. Ps is a candidate for precision free-fall experiments to test QED and gravity [17], H and µH are the stars of the famous proton-size puzzle [18][19][20], while Mu has attracted interest in relation with the muon's anomalous magnetic moment [10,21].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…We call these corrections, for short, non-relativistic QED (nrQED) corrections. A recent review [11] provides an excellent overview of the extensive literature of higher-order nrQED corrections to positronium energies. Corrections up to α 6 order (in natural units, α 4 E h in hartree atomic units) are considered complete, and ongoing work is about α 7 order corrections.…”

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confidence: 99%