“…Due to the nature and properties of CFRP composites, conventional methods of machining have proven to be costly and inaccurate and to cause surface damages [6] that could impact the performance of the final component when it is used in high-performance applications [7,8]. In aircraft and other structural applications where CFRP composites are used, the parts are often mechanically joined together through the use of bolts and rivets [9,10]. This requires making a large number of holes with accurate dimensions so that they pass quality control at the assembly stage [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Conventional methods of machining have been proven to be very inefficient and to cause negative effects on the CFRP composite workpieces [9,11]. These negative effects involve cracking, fibre pull out, fibre breakage, thermal degradation, and delamination, which, in turn, affect the mechanical properties [1].…”
The effect of the water pressure, traverse speed, and abrasive feed rate on the circularity, cylindricity, kerf taper, and surface roughness of holes produced by abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) of a carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite was investigated in the current study. It was found that the circularity deviation decreased as the water pressure was increased. Cylindricity was affected by all three parameters, although the abrasive feed rate caused the largest deviations as it increased. The surface roughness was affected by all three, but a clear connection was not able to be concluded. The kerf taper ratio reduced with an increase in water pressure, while it increased with an increase in the abrasive feed rate and an increase in the traverse speed. To obtain optimum results, the water pressure should be increased, the traverse speed should be decreased, and the abrasive feed rate can remain constant but is recommended to be slightly reduced.
“…Due to the nature and properties of CFRP composites, conventional methods of machining have proven to be costly and inaccurate and to cause surface damages [6] that could impact the performance of the final component when it is used in high-performance applications [7,8]. In aircraft and other structural applications where CFRP composites are used, the parts are often mechanically joined together through the use of bolts and rivets [9,10]. This requires making a large number of holes with accurate dimensions so that they pass quality control at the assembly stage [2].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Conventional methods of machining have been proven to be very inefficient and to cause negative effects on the CFRP composite workpieces [9,11]. These negative effects involve cracking, fibre pull out, fibre breakage, thermal degradation, and delamination, which, in turn, affect the mechanical properties [1].…”
The effect of the water pressure, traverse speed, and abrasive feed rate on the circularity, cylindricity, kerf taper, and surface roughness of holes produced by abrasive waterjet machining (AWJM) of a carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite was investigated in the current study. It was found that the circularity deviation decreased as the water pressure was increased. Cylindricity was affected by all three parameters, although the abrasive feed rate caused the largest deviations as it increased. The surface roughness was affected by all three, but a clear connection was not able to be concluded. The kerf taper ratio reduced with an increase in water pressure, while it increased with an increase in the abrasive feed rate and an increase in the traverse speed. To obtain optimum results, the water pressure should be increased, the traverse speed should be decreased, and the abrasive feed rate can remain constant but is recommended to be slightly reduced.
“…Chan ve arkadaşları, çift kademeli zımbalar kullanarak kompozit malzemelere delikler açmış, elde edilen deliklerin alt ve üst yüzeylerinin daireselliğini ve kesim kalitesini incelemişlerdir. Kesme boşluğunun azalmasıyla veya zımba çapının artmasıyla basma gerilmesi ve sıkışma yükünün arttığını; kademeli zımba kullanımının, kesme boşluğunun maksimum sıkıştırma yükü üzerindeki etkisini azalttığını rapor etmişlerdir [12]. Zain ve arkadaşları, kompozit malzemelerin matkap kullanılarak delinmesine alternatif olarak zımba kullanılarak delinmesini araştırmış ve %1 kesme boşluklu kalıpta farklı zımba profillerinin delik kalitesine etkisini analiz etmişlerdir.…”
Endüstride başta otomotiv ve beyaz eşya sektörlerinde yaygın olarak kullanılan özdeş ve imalat sayısı yüksek olan metal, plastik ve kompozit malzemelerin delinmesinde saç metal kalıpları tercih edilmektedir. Gelişen teknoloji, artan üretim kapasitesi ve rekabet koşulları imalatçıları daha az maliyetle daha fazla üretim yapmaya ve üretim proseslerini iyileştirmeye teşvik etmektedir. Bu çalışmada ÇCKNT katkılı ve katkısız CETP kompozit malzemelere 0.025 mm, 0.10 mm, 0.15 mm kesme boşluğu bulunan kalıplarda kaplamasız ve TiN kaplamalı zımbalar ile delik delinerek kesme kuvveti değişimi incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma neticesinde TiN kaplamalı zımba kullanılarak yapılan delme işlemlerinde ihtiyaç duyulan ortalama kesme kuvveti’nin kaplamasız SBZ zımba kullanımına göre katkılı ve saf kompozitlerde sırası ile % 10.10 ve % 4.50 oranında azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca kalıp üzerinde bulunan kesme boşluğunun azalması ile kesme kuvveti ihtiyacının arttığı ölçülmüştür.
“…Punching on CFRP laminates have been studying to improve the quality of the hole. Chan et al performed punching using a dual-stage puncher to reduce the punching load when a small clearance between the punch and the die was selected [8]. Nakamura et al and Ueshiba et al studied the effect of punch shape, clearance, and process temperature on the quality of the hole [9,10].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Chan et al. performed punching using a dual-stage puncher to reduce the punching load when a small clearance between the punch and the die was selected [ 8 ]. Nakamura et al.…”
The mechanical properties of a quasi-isotropic carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminate with a punched hole were investigated. During the punching process, pressure was applied to the laminate through the upper and lower blank holders of a punching machine; the clearance between the punch and blank holders was set to be small to suppress damage in the CFRP laminates. Due to the dragging of plies encountered during punching, the surface of the punched hole was relatively uneven as compared to that of the drilled hole. However, the effect of the uneven surface created during the punching process was not as significant on the tensile and compressive strength of the open hole as compared to the manufacturing damages generated by drilling processes. The stress–number of cycles to failure curves for the open-hole tension–tension fatigue tests also showed comparable results between the punched- and drilled-hole specimens. These results indicate that there were no significant differences in the mechanical properties of CFRP laminates with a punched hole, and thus present the possibility of a highly productive hole-making process using the punching method.
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