Precision of flame atomic absorption measurements of copper

Bower, Nathan W.; Ingle, J. D.

doi:10.1021/ac60368a018

Cited by 46 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(7 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Since more than three decades ago, there have been published many theories and methods for estimating SD with no recourse to repetition, especially in instrumental analyses. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In spite of varied symbols and terminology in the literature, the largest part of uncertainty equations proposed can take a universal form:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples are LOD, 21,24,26,28 confidence intervals of linear calibration 28 and tests of significant differences. 3,4,6 Theoretical SD descriptions elaborated so far include Winefordner's theory, [18][19][20] Ingle's theory, [15][16][17] Bouman's theory 21,22 and FUMI theory (FUnction of Mutual Information). [23][24][25] Proceeding along the lines suggested by the FUMI theory, our approach is named after it.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Test of Significant Differences with a priori Probability in Microarray Experiments

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The advent of high-throughput array technology has now made it possible to collect data on thousands to tens of thousands of genes simultaneously. However, methods for detecting the genuine changes in the gene expression levels in cells or tissues are still evolving. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] A straightforward method for comparing two expression levels of genes is the traditional two-sample t-test. The basic problem with the t-test in microarray experiments, however, is that the repetition is restricted within a small number in most cases, because experiments are costly or tedious to repeat. Although the importance in replication has been illustrated, 1,3,6,9 situations often arise where only single or duplicate experiments for each condition are allowed.The purpose of this paper is to put forward a method for testing the significant differences of the gene expression levels under a single pair of experiments (a control experiment and treatment experiment). In order to take into account the stochastic aspects of gene expressions, we model our algorithm on the t-test. In our approach and the t-test, the SD estimates of the gene expression levels are a criterion for the statistical judgment, but one of the key differences is how to estimate the SD for each gene.In the t-test, the SD estimates are derived from the same data set as those to be judged by the t-test, itself. This fact can be closely connected with the above-mentioned problem of replication. In our approach, the SD estimates, referred to here as a priori SD, are obtained from experimental results which are different from the target data set of the judgment.Statistics tells that the variability in the estimates of SD obeys the chi-squares distribution and is much larger than the variability in the estimates of averages, as long as the estimates are obtained by repetition. That is, the estimates of averages are more reliable. The t-test uses the SD estimates directly, but in this paper, the a prior SD is given as a function of the average of the gene expression levels. Then, we can easily expect that our approach can provide more stable judgment, but needs a sound model for the a prior SD.The idea of the a priori SD is not novel in the area of analytical chemistry. Since more than three decades ago, there have been published many theories and methods for estimating SD with no recourse to repetition, especially in instrumental analyses. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In spite of varied symbols and terminology in the literature, the largest part of uncertainty equations proposed can take a universal form:where RSD denotes the relative standard deviation of measurements, sB denotes blank SD, A measurements (e.g., area), and I independent error. To our knowledge, Huber et al. A traditional method for comparing two expression levels of genes in microarray experiments is the two-sample t-test. Because of the difficulty in using a large number of microarrays, an alternative method is required which can provide a relia...

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Test of Significant Differences with a priori Probability in Microarray Experiments

et al. 2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…(5) In the study, the detection capability of ELISA was estimated using the relative standard deviation (RSD), as done in related methods in chromatography and spectrometry. (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18) The procedure was standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and Japan Industrial Standards (JIS), (19,20) and the detection limit and the quantitation limit are defined as the concentration with 30% RSD and 10% RSD, respectively. Thus we applied this mathematical modeling to the competitive immunoassay of TNT using an SPR immunosensor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of Detection Limit for Competitive Immunoassay Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor

Zhang

Nogami³

et al. 2016

Sensors and Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this study, we investigated the detection limit of a competitive immunoassay using a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor by both experimental and theoretical approaches. Highly sensitive explosive detection is required to prevent damage from hidden explosives such as improvised explosive devices (IED), and therefore in this study we focused on trinitrotoluene (TNT) detection using an anti-TNT antibody. As an experimental approach, competitive immunoassay experiments were conducted using a published technique for TNT detection, and the results were statistically analyzed to estimate the detection limit according to a reported method for an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In addition, a mathematical model describing measurement errors was developed and the detection limit was determined based on the correlated data between the SPR sensor response and antibody binding obtained from the experiments. Both approaches showed that the detection limit is about 10 ppb (ng/mL), and hence the theory is in good agreement with the experiment. Finally, using our mathematical model, we proposed a method for determining the detection limit in the presence of environmental influences.

show abstract

“…In this study, two techniques were used, Atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and solution spectrophotometry, the latter being used for comparison purposes . The modern atomic absorption spectrophotometry technique is the most precise and has already been used by many workers for the determination of copper (Bower & Ingle, 1977 ;Willis, 1973 etc. ) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The replicate values, and the averages, for the four sampling trips are displayed in Table 2 . These are more scattered in the case of Kazinga Channel and L. Idd Amin, despite the fact that the replicate determinations were carried out with AAS, which is more precise (Bower & Ingle, 1977) . Precision of the AAS technique in terms of standard deviation and the coefficient of variation were worked out using the standard procedures (Fisher,195o) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper Ion Distribution in the surface waters of Lake George and Idd Amin

Bugenyi

1979

Hydrobiologia

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Copper ion distribution in the surface waters of Lakes George and Idd Amin (formerly L . Edward) has been determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and solution spectrophotometry. Some other chemolimnological parameters (some of which affect copper ion distribution) have also been determined . The copper ion ranges from 0.07 to 0 .13 ppm in L . George and from 0.00 to 0 .02 ppm in L . Idd Amin .

show abstract

Precision of flame atomic absorption measurements of copper

Cited by 46 publications

References 26 publications

Test of Significant Differences with a priori Probability in Microarray Experiments

Test of Significant Differences with a priori Probability in Microarray Experiments

Modeling of Detection Limit for Competitive Immunoassay Using Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor

Copper Ion Distribution in the surface waters of Lake George and Idd Amin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About