Precision Navigation of Venous Thrombosis Guided by Viscosity-Activatable Near-Infrared Fluorescence

Abstract

Thrombus are blood clots formed by abnormal hemostasis in blood vessels and are closely associated with various diseases such as pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction and stroke. Early diagnosis and treatment of thrombus is the key to reducing the high risk of thrombotic disease. Given that early thrombus is small in early size, free instability, wide regional distribution and fast formation, it is urgent to develop all-inclusive detection methods that combine high signal-to-noise ratio, in situ dynamic and rapid in-depth tissue imaging. Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging, with its excellent high spatiotemporal resolution and tissue penetration depth, is a powerful technique for direct visualization of thrombotic events in situ. Considering the fibrin highly expressed in the thrombus is a typical thrombotic target. Moreover, the viscosity of the thrombus is markedly higher than its surroundings. Therefore, we developed a fibrin-targeting and viscosity-activating thrombus NIR fluorescent probe (TIR-V) for high-resolution and high-sensitivity in situ lighten-up thrombus. TIR-V has the advantages of good thrombus targeting, significant "off−on" fluorescence specific response to viscosity, bright NIR fluorescence and good biocompatibility. The thrombus is clearly delineated by a high signal-to-noise ratio NIR fluorescence imaging, enabling imaging detection and precise navigation of thrombotic regions. This work demonstrates the potential of TIR-V as a bifunctional probe for definitive diagnostic imaging and direct navigation of thrombotic lesions in clinical applications.

A long-wavelength mitochondria-targeted CO fluorescent probe for living cells and zebrafish imaging

“…Among the many CO detection methods, uorescent probes have been widely developed due to their high selectivity, high sensitivity, and real-time imaging. [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] In 2012, Chang et al constructed the rst uorescent probe for imaging CO in living cells, and since then, the use of uorescent probes for the detection of CO in living cells or in vivo has been a hot topic of research. [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] In 2015, Dhara et al reported a novel way to detect CO using the Tsuji-Trost strategy.…”

Mitochondria-targeted fluorescent probe for simultaneously imaging viscosity and sulfite in inflammation models

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Consequently, fluorescent probes have been developed to detect viscosity and SO 2 derivatives in living cells and animals. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Mitochondria, often referred to as the "cellular power house", have a crucial role in cellular physiological processes and signal transduction pathways. They are involved in energy generation, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), regulation of cell growth and apoptosis, and cell anabolism.…”

“…12–20 Consequently, fluorescent probes have been developed to detect viscosity and SO 2 derivatives in living cells and animals. 21–29…”

Rational Design of Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes for Accurately Tracking Lysosomal Viscosity with Allyl Snchoring Si-Rhodamine

“…In a low-viscosity environment, the probe releases weak fluorescence resulting from the free rotation of rotor-connected single or double bonds, while as viscosity increases their rotation was inhibited by forming a large conjugated system, and result in strong fluorescence in a tall-viscosity environment. , Interestingly, most rhodamine and other fluorophores-based viscosity probes, their rotors are composed of aromatic ring: benzo-indole, polyaniline group, benzo-thiophene, pyridine salt, quinoline, imidazole, azobenzene, etc. (Table S1 in the Supporting Information), ,− which have relatively a greater size and clumsy structures. As reported, the design principles of viscosity response probes include computed tomography (CT), 6 , aggregation-induced emission (AIE), , photoinduced electron transfer (PET), intramolecular charge transfer (TICT), and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). , Particularly, TICT is a good strategy for designing viscosity probes, as it can enhance fluorescence emissions through the restriction of intramolecular rotations. , Therefore, designing a NIR small molecule with great properties and TICT mechanism to detect changes in intracellular viscosity is of great importance.…”