Precision Modeling of JWST's First Cluster Lens SMACS J0723.3–7327*

Mahler, Guillaume; Jauzac, Mathilde; Richard, Johan; Beauchesne, Benjamin; Ebeling, H.; Lagattuta, David J.; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Sharon, Keren; Atek, Hakim; Claeyssens, Adélaïde; Clément, Benjamin; Eckert, D.; Edge, Alastair; Kneib, Jean-Paul; Niemiec, Anna

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acaea9

“…The first JWST observations of massive galaxy clusters have revealed exceptionally rich background patterns of strongly lensed galaxies, thanks to a revolutionary combination of angular resolution, depth and near-and mid-infrared coverage (e.g., Caminha et al 2022;Pascale et al 2022;Mahler et al 2023). Several JWST survey programs have targeted cluster fields to exploit the gravitational lensing magnification, in the effort to unveil primordial star-forming systems and study their physical properties (e.g., Bezanson et al 2022;Treu et al 2022;Willott et al 2022;Windhorst et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. III. Strong-lensing Model of Abell 2744 and Its Infalling Regions

Bergamini¹,

Acebrón²,

Grillo³

et al. 2023

ApJ

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We present a new high-precision, JWST-based, strong-lensing model for the galaxy cluster Abell 2744 at z = 0.3072. By combining the deep, high-resolution JWST imaging from the Grism Lens Amplified Survey from Space–JWST and Ultradeep NIRSpec and NIRCam Observations before the Epoch of Reionization programs and a Director’s Discretionary Time program, with newly obtained Very Large Telescope/Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) data, we identify 32 multiple images from 11 background sources lensed by two external subclusters at distances of ∼160″ from the main cluster. The new MUSE observations enable the first spectroscopic confirmation of a multiple-image system in the external clumps. Moreover, the reanalysis of the spectrophotometric archival and JWST data yields 27 additional multiple images in the main cluster. The new lens model is constrained by 149 multiple images (∼66% more than in our previous model) covering an extended redshift range between 1.03 and 9.76. The subhalo mass component of the cluster includes 177 member galaxies down to m F160W = 21, of which 163 are spectroscopically confirmed. Internal velocity dispersions are measured for 85 members. The new lens model is characterized by a remarkably low scatter between the predicted and observed positions of the multiple images (0.″43). This precision is unprecedented given the large multiple-image sample, the complexity of the cluster mass distribution, and the large modeled area. The improved precision and resolution of the cluster total mass distribution provides a robust magnification map over a ∼30 arcmin2 area, which is critical for inferring the intrinsic physical properties of the highly magnified, high-z sources. The lens model and the new MUSE redshift catalog are released with this publication.

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“…In what follows, we provide an overview of the final candidates and their physical properties obtained by spectral energy distribution (SED) and morphological analyses. For those in the cluster field, magnification factors are estimated by taking the median value of various lens models (Jullo et al 2007;Oguri 2010;Caminha et al 2022;Mahler et al 2023) at the position of each source. In Figure 3, we show postage stamps of the final color-cut samples.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WDF-P-949 and WDF-P-963 are treated as a single system in the main text (Section 4.1.2). a Median magnification of various lens models (Jullo et al 2007;Oguri 2010;Caminha et al 2022;Mahler et al 2023) Among the color-cut objects identified in the cluster field, ZD3, HD2, and HD3p were not detected in the public photometric catalog by the RELICS team. 8 ZD1 and ZD2 are detected and listed in the catalog (with their IDs 62 and 75) but with photometric redshift of z ∼ 1.6 and 2.0.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then run eazypy, a python wrapper of photometric-redshift code EaZY (Brammer et al 2008), to fine-tune magnitude zero points across all filters. We run redshift fitting on those with spectroscopic redshifts (Mahler et al 2023), both cluster member galaxies and background emission line galaxies. The derived correction factor is −1.5%-4.4% relative to F150W as the pivot (Table 2), requiring only minor correction.…”

Section: Zero-point Correction Across Filters and Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical Characterization of Early Galaxies in the Webb’s First Deep Field SMACS J0723.3-7327

Morishita

¹

,

Stiavelli

²

2023

ApJL

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This paper highlights initial photometric analyses of JWST NIRCam imaging data in the sightline of SMACS0723, aiming to identify galaxies at redshift z > 7. By applying a conservative Lyman-break selection followed by photometric-redshift analysis and visual inspection, we identify four F090W-dropout and two F150W-dropout sources, three of which were recently confirmed in an independent spectroscopic analysis to z = 7.663, 7.665, and 8.499. We then supplement our sample with a photometric-redshift selection, and identify five additional candidates at 7 < z phot < 13. The NIRCam images clearly resolve all sources and reveal their subgalactic components that were not resolved/detected in the previous imaging by Hubble Space Telescope. Our spectral energy distribution analysis reveals that the selected galaxies are characterized by young stellar populations (median age of ∼50 Myr) of subsolar metallicity (∼0.2 Z ⊙) and little dust attenuation (A V ∼ 0.5). In several cases, we observe extreme Hβ+[O iii] lines being captured in the F444W band and seen as color excess, which is consistent with their observed high star formation rate surface density. Eight of the 11 sources identified in this study appear in at least one of the recent studies (Adams et al.; Atek et al.; Donnan et al.; Harikane et al.; Yan et al.) of the same fields, implying the high fidelity of our selection. We crossmatch all high-z galaxy candidates presented in the five studies with our catalog and discuss the possible causes of discrepancy in the final lists.

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“…Space-based telescopes HST and JWST have high spatial resolution and thus enable the construction of robust lens models. Recent studies of strong lensing systems using HST and JWST (e.g., Rivera-Thorsen et al 2019;Claeyssens et al 2023;Mahler et al 2023;Wu et al 2023) were able to discern morphology and star formation at the smallest scales. Furthermore, in this redshift interval, all of the rest-frame optical nebular emission lines fall in the JWST NIRSpec bandpass.…”

Section: Discussion and Future Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

COOL-LAMPS. IV. A Sample of Bright Strongly Lensed Galaxies at 3 < z < 4

Zhang

¹

,

Manwadkar

²

,

Gladders

³

et al. 2023

ApJ

Self Cite

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We report the discovery of five bright, strong gravitationally lensed galaxies at 3 < z < 4: COOL J0101+2055 (z = 3.459), COOL J0104−0757 (z = 3.480), COOL J0145+1018 (z = 3.310), COOL J0516−2208 (z = 3.549), and COOL J1356+0339 (z = 3.753). These galaxies have magnitudes of r AB, z AB < 21.81 mag and are lensed by galaxy clusters at 0.26 < z < 1. This sample nearly doubles the number of known bright lensed galaxies with extended arcs at 3 < z < 4. We characterize the lensed galaxies using ground-based grz/giy imaging and optical spectroscopy. We report model-based magnitudes and derive stellar masses, dust content, and star formation rates via stellar population synthesis modeling. Building lens models based on ground-based imaging, we estimate source magnifications ranging from ∼29 to ∼180. Combining these analyses, we derive demagnified stellar masses in the range log 10 ( M * / M ⊙ ) ∼ 9.69 − 10.75 and star formation rates in the youngest age bin in the range log 10 ( SFR / ( M ⊙ yr − 1 ) ) ∼ 0.39 − 1.46 , placing the sample galaxies on the massive end of the star-forming main sequence in this redshift interval. In addition, three of the five galaxies have strong Lyα emissions, offering unique opportunities to study Lyα emitters at high redshift in future work.

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Precision Modeling of JWST's First Cluster Lens SMACS J0723.3–7327*

Cited by 23 publications

References 80 publications

The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. III. Strong-lensing Model of Abell 2744 and Its Infalling Regions

The GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. III. Strong-lensing Model of Abell 2744 and Its Infalling Regions

Physical Characterization of Early Galaxies in the Webb’s First Deep Field SMACS J0723.3-7327

COOL-LAMPS. IV. A Sample of Bright Strongly Lensed Galaxies at 3 < z < 4

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